“西部陆海新通道”建设下的可持续生计问题

Study on Sustainable Livelihoods under the Construction of New Western Land-Sea Corridor

随着中国“一带一路”倡议的深入推进,互联互通为中国西部实现对外开放提供了机遇,但也为其民生改善和发展带来了挑战。本文以重庆“西部陆海新通道”建设为例,基于DFID可持续生计理论框架,对“西部陆海新通道”起点站重庆团结村站周边安置区居民的生计资本进行评估,探究该通道建设与安置区居民生计资本的关系,比较分析两处征地安置区居民的生计方式、生计策略的发展差异。研究表明:安置区居民的生计资本整体薄弱,人力、物质和社会资本积累不足;安置小区居民的生计策略单一,主要依赖于征地补偿款或从事临时的体力劳动;4050群体是安置小区中生计脆弱性最突出的,实现生计策略的转变相对更加困难;“西部陆海新通道”建设为当地经济建设与社会发展提供了支持,但目前发挥的积极作用有限。基于上述发现,本文就如何实现生计资本积累和生计策略转变,并最终提高安置居民的生计水平提出了政策建议,同时也为“一带一路”沿线参与国家消除贫困、改善民生,进一步探索互惠共赢的发展模式提供经验借鉴与参考。

With the promotion of China’s “Belt and Road” Initiative, inter-connectivity not only offers oppor-tunities for opening the door in the western region in China, but also brings great challenges to the local livelihoods. Based on the theoretical framework of sustainable livelihoods, this paper takes the New Western Land-Sea Corridor as an example to evaluate the livelihood capitals of the reset-tlement communities affected by the railway and industrial parks construction, through comparing and analyzing the impacts of railway construction on two different communities, it further aims to explore the relationship between infrastructure construction and transformation of livelihood capital and strategies. Our study reveals that the livelihood capital is weak and their human capital and social capital are obviously insufficient;their livelihood strategies are far less variable, mainly depend on the land expropriation compensation or manual labor work;it was found that the female over 40 years old and the male over 50 years old are the most vulnerable and therefore they are more difficult to transform the livelihood strategies into new adaptation. By far, the corridor has positive but limited effects on local economic and social development. As a result, some policies are proposed to promote the accumulation of livelihood capital and the transition of livelihood strategies, in a way to achieve sustainable livelihood, eventually the study attempts to provide lessons and experiences for the countries along “one belt” and “one road” to fight poverty and improve people’s livelihood.