Tabula Rasa思想(模式)在长沙市岳麓区城市规划和建设中的应用及其讨论

Application of the Tabula Rasa Idea (Model) to Urban Planning and Construction as well as Some Discussions: with Special Respect to Yuelu District, Changsha, China

建筑设计和城市规划方面的Tabula Rasa思想(模式)是指,将特定空间范围内原有的各种建筑设施和景观彻底清除,而代之以全新的建筑群或景观的城区发展模式。本文以长沙市岳麓区为例,通过典型实例的分析,探讨了该模式在改革开放30多年中的表现形式和利弊得失。该模式的广泛与深入运用,大大改善了广大人民群众的生活水平,使城市面貌焕然一新,推动了城市经济的快速发展,但同时也带来了巨大的浪费、重复建设、建设-拆迁的恶性循环、城市创新能力下降等不利后果。因此,应用该模式时应当统筹兼顾各种利益需求,立足长远,精打细算,尽可能对现有建筑、设施、景观加以保护、再利用和创新式改造;应当加强对拆迁、规划与设计方面的严格管理,增加必要的约束条件和公众监督,要在最大可能的情况下保留当地完整的历史、传统和文化。

The Tabula Rasa idea (model) applicable to building designing and urban planning means such a fashion or way of urban development that existing buildings and landscapes in certain spatial scales are entirely cleared up and substituted by brand-new building agglomerates or landscapes. By analyzing several typical cases, the paper, with special respect to the Yuelu District, Changsha City, Hunan, explores its forms, advantages and disadvantages in 30 years or so since China’s reform and openness to the outside. Thus far, it has been extended into diverse fields nationally, with significantly promoting life quality and level of the most Chinese, considerably updating urban appearances and styles, and stimulating the high-speed development of urban economy. The model employed extensively and intensively, nevertheless, has brought up such adverse results as huge extravagance, duplicative constructions, a vicious loop of construction-demolition/displace- ment, and extremely loss of initiation for a city. Therefore, when applying, it ought to integrally consider multiple social needs from various people groups, make urban plans for a long future, calculate in-depth all relevant aspects, in order to reserve, re-use and modify imaginatively existing buildings, urban facilities and urban landscapes, to the best of one’s power. From now on, strict restraints should be imposed intentionally onto demolitions and displacements, as well as planning and designing, necessary public participation and supervision should be complemented legislatively, and where possible the local whole history, traditions and cultures should be reserved to the greatest extent.