广州市耕地集约利用评价及其转型路径研究

Research on the Evaluation and Transformation Path of Cultivated Land Intensive Use in Guangzhou

对耕地集约利用评价展开研究,有利于掌握耕地的利用情况,并对原有耕地利用模式进行转型优化,探索出更为有效、高效的利用模式,以此提升耕地集约利用水平,推动耕地利用和社会经济可持续发展。本文以广州市为例,从投入强度、利用程度、产出效益和可持续程度四个方面,选取了12个评价指标,通过极差标准化方法对数据进行标准化处理,通过熵值法确定各评价指标权重,最终构建了耕地集约利用评价体系。研究结果表明:1) 广州市的耕地集约利用水平在时间变化上有着很大的波动,总体表现并不稳定。前期耕地利用度显示为增长迹象,说明在经济增长的同时,广州市依旧重视耕地的集约化利用。而以2015年为转折点,开始呈现下降趋势,期间耕地利用效率、产出效益和可持续程度都持续减小,尽管投入强度有回升现象,但总体耕地利用度依旧减少。2) 广州市的耕地集约利用水平在空间上存在着较大的区域性差异,高水平主要分布在东北部和南部区域。在海珠区和天河区等土地开发利用强度高的中心城区,其耕地集约化程度下降较多,而位于东北部的从化区则上升显著,耕地得到了有效利用,集约水平也不断提高。其他地区以下降为主,但整体变化幅度并不大。3) 通过时间和空间分析,掌握各个影响因素的变化,可以总结出广州市耕地利用中存在的问题并提出建议。广州市各区的耕地数量分布差别很大,因此要加强耕地的保护,增强人们的集约意识。然后通过政府的主导作用,加大对耕地的投入强度,完善各项基础设施,引进大量科研人才,提升科技水平,大力发展农业产业,加快耕种的机械化,增加产出。最后还要优化资源配置,将土地利用结构合理化,促进耕地利用模式走向更加高效、集约的道路,推动其可持续发展。

Research on the evaluation of cultivated land intensive utilization is conducive to grasping the uti-lization of cultivated land, transforming and optimizing the original cultivated land utilization mode, and exploring more effective and efficient utilization modes, so as to improve the level of cultivated land intensive utilization and promote cultivated land utilization and sociolect-economic sustainable development. This paper takes Guangzhou as an example, and conducts a profound analysis of the theory of cultivated land intensive utilization, and selects 12 evaluations from four aspects: input intensity, utilization degree, output benefit and sustainable utilization degree. The data were standardized by the range standardization method, and the weight of each evaluation index was determined by the entropy method, and finally the evaluation system of cultivated land intensive utilization was constructed. The results show that: 1) the level of intensive use of culti-vated land in Guangzhou has great fluctuations in time, and the overall performance is not stable. The utilization of cultivated land in the early stage shows a sign of growth, indicating that Guang-zhou still attaches great importance to the intensive utilization of cultivated land while the economy is growing. Taking 2015 as a turning point, it began to show a downward trend. During this period, the efficiency of cultivated land use, output efficiency and sustainability continued to decrease. Although the input intensity rebounded, the overall cultivated land utilization still decreased. 2) There are large regional differences in the level of intensive use of cultivated land in Guangzhou, and the high level is mainly distributed in the northeast and south regions. In the central urban areas with high land development and utilization intensity, such as Haizhu District and Tianhe District, the degree of arable land intensification has declined significantly, while the Conghua District in the northeast has increased significantly. Other regions are mainly down, but the overall change is not large. 3) By analyzing the time and space, and grasping the changes of each influencing factor, the problems existing in the utilization of cultivated land in Guangzhou can be summed up and suggestions are put forward. The distribution of cultivated land in different districts of Guangzhou is very different. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the protection of cultivated land and enhance people’s intensive awareness. Then, through the leading role of the government, increase the intensity of investment in cultivated land, improve various infrastruc-tures, introduce a large number of scientific research talents, improve the level of science and technology, vigorously develop the agricultural industry, accelerate the mechanization of farming, and increase output. Finally, it is necessary to optimize the allocation of resources, rationalize the structure of land use, promote the pattern of cultivated land use to a more efficient and intensive path, and promote its sustainable development.