初中职业启蒙教育的实践困境与优化路径研究

Research on the Practice Dilemma and Optimization Path of Junior High School Vocational Enlightenment Education

初中阶段职业启蒙教育是职业教育体系中的必不可少的一部分,对于激起学生职业兴趣、找到职业方向具有重要意义。本研究通过对广州市多所初中学校、职业院校进行问卷调研,对各行为主体进行深度访谈以及实地考察的研究方法,认识到初中开展职业启蒙教育的必要性,并分析出当前职校重视、市政支持、教育形式多样、学生主动性等因素有利于初中职业启蒙教育的发展,同时也面临各主体的认知和做法较为被动、师资和课程资源不足、资源保障性不高、实施效果欠佳等问题。由此,建议通过建立职业启蒙教育培养方案、增强职业启蒙教育内外生动力、提高师资队伍的专业化和多元化、从多方面建立保障机制等措施促进初中职业启蒙教育的发展。

Vocational enlightenment education in junior high school is an essential part of the vocational education system, which is of great significance in arousing students’ vocational interests and finding career directions. Through research methods such as questionnaire surveys, in-depth interviews with various actors, and field investigations in multiple junior high schools and vocational colleges in Guangzhou, the necessity of conducting vocational enlightenment education in junior high schools is recognized. Factors such as the current emphasis on vocational schools, municipal support, diverse forms of education, and student initiative are analyzed to be conducive to the development of vocational enlightenment education in junior high schools. At the same time, it also faces problems such as passive cognition and practices of various subjects, insufficient teaching and curriculum resources, low resource guarantee, and poor implementation effectiveness. Therefore, it is recommended to promote the development of junior high school vocational enlightenment education through measures such as establishing vocational enlightenment education training programs, enhancing the internal and external motivation of vocational enlightenment education, improving the professionalization and diversification of the teaching staff, and establishing guarantee mechanisms from multiple aspects.