公共政策视角下德、美、日三国高等职业教育产教融合政策比较及借鉴

Comparative Analysis and Lessons from the Integration of Industry and Education Policies in Higher Vocational Education in Germany, the USA, and Japan from a Public Policy Perspective

推进职业教育产教融合离不开政策的支持。德国、美国和日本三国在高等职业教育产教融合政策方面有着丰富的成功经验,德国的“双元制”模式、美国的社区学院制度及日本的产学合作模式均展现了各自的特色和优势。三国政策的共性在于政府的积极参与和对企业合作的激励机制,通过有效利用政策工具,形成了教育、企业与政府三方互动的良性循环,进而形成了适应本国经济社会发展的职业教育产教融合政策体系。借鉴其经验,我国在发展高等职业教育产教融合过程中,应进一步优化政策框架,加强行业企业的参与,并通过制度保障来适应经济社会的发展需求。Advancing the integration of industry and education in vocational training is inseparable from policy support. Germany, the United States, and Japan have rich and successful experiences in the policies of industry and education integration within higher vocational education. Germany’s dual system model, the community college system in the USA, and Japan’s industry-academia collaboration model each display unique characteristics and strengths. A common feature of the policies in these countries is the active participation of the government and incentives for corporate cooperation. By effectively utilizing policy tools, a virtuous cycle of interaction among education, business, and government has been formed, subsequently establishing a system of vocational education policies that cater to the socio-economic development of each country. Drawing on their experiences, China should further optimize its policy framework in developing higher vocational education, enhance industry and enterprise participation, and adapt to the socio-economic development needs through institutional guarantees.