新冠疫情对中小企业的影响研究:以消费行业和医药行业为例

Research on the Impact of the COVID-19 on Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises: Taking the Consumer Industry and the Pharmaceutical Industry as Example

新型冠状肺炎病毒疫情是近年来爆发的最为严重的突发性公共事件。中小企业由于自身规模小、实力弱,受外部冲击的影响往往较大。本文选择了我国创业板医药行业及消费行业企业作为样本,从企业财务数据的变动情况出发,分析了两行业企业2020年前三季度盈利能力、偿债能力较2019年同期的变化。本文的对比研究发现,新冠疫情给企业的经营带来了巨大影响且这些影响在不同行业、不同规模的企业中有不同的反映:消费行业中小企业较医药行业中小企业受冲击更大;规模较大的企业整体上具有更强的抗风险能力,但部分中小企业在面临危机时灵活性更强。

The outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pneumonia is the most serious public emergency in recent years. Nowadays, SMEs (Small and medium-sized enterprises) play a big role in Chinese economy and social development. Meanwhile, they are important foundations to realize the modernization of socialist market economy. However, they are often greatly affected by external shocks due to their small scale and weak strength. We selected pharmaceutical and consumer enterprises listed on GEM as samples, and divided them into large enterprises and small and medium-sized enterprises according to relevant classification guidelines. We analyzed the changes in the financial indicators such as the profitability and solvency of both industries in the first three quarters of 2020 compared with the same period of 2019, and tested the significance of the changes. Fi-nally, we came to the conclusion that the outbreak of COVID-19 has brought a great impact on the operation of enterprises, and these effects are reflected differently in different industries, as well as enterprises of different sizes. Comparing the two industries, SMEs in the consumer industry are more impacted than SMEs in the pharmaceutical industry, which means they are faced with more difficulties in their profits and future development. Compared in the same industry, although large-scale enterprises may have stronger anti-risk ability, some SMEs are more flexible than large-scale enterprises in the face of crisis, giving them a better performance in terms of some indicators.