南岭自然保护区景观格局变化及其驱动力

Analysis of Landscape Patterns Changes and Driving Forces in Nanling National Nature Reserve

利用RS、GIS技术研究分析了南岭国家级自然保护区内景观格局的时空变化及其驱动力因子,结果表明:1988~2009年间,在景观面积变化方面,区内景观主体森林景观占总面积的95%左右,其中常绿阔叶林面积最大,占总面积的50%以上,优势景观类型为针叶。在景观破碎度方面,全区内景观的密度指数增加,景观破碎化程度加剧;核心区内斑块密度指数略减,各景观类型的平均斑块面积增大,景观破碎化程度略增但不显著,缓冲区和实验区破碎化程度加剧;在景观多样性方面,全区内景观格局由简单变复杂,多样性指数增大,异质化程度增加;核心区内景观多样性呈现略增但不显著;缓冲区内景观多样性显著增加;实验区内多样性指数减小,景观异质化程度降低;整个研究区内的景观向多样化方向发展。实验区景观格局与全区一致,缓冲区变化不大,核心区景观格局朝单一化方向发展。

In this paper, landscape pattern change and its driving forces of each functional zone in Nanling National Nature Reserve were analyzed based on the GIS and RS platform. It turns out that, from 1988 to 2009, about the changes of landscape area, the main forest landscape was about 95% of the total area, of which the evergreen broad-leaved forest had the largest area, accounting for more than 50% of the total area. The dominant landscape type was coniferous. In the aspect of landscape fragmentation, the density index of landscape in the whole area increased and the de-gree of landscape fragmentation increased. The patch density index in the core area decreased slightly, and the average patch area of each landscape type increased, and the degree of landscape fragmentation increased slightly significantly, the degree of fragmentation of the buffer zone and the experimental area increased. In the aspect of landscape diversity, the landscape pattern in the whole area increased from simple to complex, the diversity index increased and the degree of heterogeneity increased. The diversity of the landscape in the core area was slightly increased but not significant;the landscape diversity in the buffer area increased significantly. The diversity index of the experiment area is reduced and the degree of landscape heterogeneity is reduced. The landscape in the whole study area is diversified. The landscape pattern of the experimental area is consistent with that of the whole area, and the buffer zone is not changed, and the landscape pattern of the core area is developing towards the single direction.