西方国家森林火灾研究架构与技术建树

Forest Fire Research Framework and Technical Achievements in Western Countries

本文从西方国家研究机构的主要技术成就出发,对其利用经典实验方法和理论开发出的先进森林火灾防控技术路径进行跟踪和梳理,探讨开发应用技术的一贯性和有效性。美国、加拿大和欧洲等国家及地区开展森林火灾科学防治工作较早,火灾防治研究遵循系统化、信息化和标准化发展理念,技术成果分别覆盖火险监测和预警、火行为预测预报以及应急管理等诸多方面。相应的林火管理的方针导向侧重于科学预防和大幅度使用现有技术成果。近些年全球气候变化加剧,极端天气条件频发,我国森林火灾呈多发性和显著灾害性特点,运用成熟的林火行为和管理的理论以及智能化技术平台对于加强和提升我国林火管理工作的水平有现实意义。

In light of the main technical achievements made by research institutions in western countries, we tracked and sorted out the path of advanced forest fire prevention and control technology developed from the classical experimental methods and theories, and discussed the consistency and effectiveness of the development and application of the associated technical systems. Since an earlier time in last century, forest fire prevention and control research in the United States, Canada, Europe and other countries and regions was carried out by following the development concept of systematization, informationization and standardization, with the technical accomplishments covering fire risk monitoring and early warning, fire behavior prediction and forecasting, and emergency management aspect. The corresponding policy in forest fire management and control focuses on scientific prevention and extensive use of existing technical achievements and systems. In recent years, global climate change has intensified and extreme weather conditions have occurred frequently. Forest fires in China are characterized by frequent occurrences and significant disastrous characteristics. The utilization of mature forest fire behavior and management theories and intelligent technology is essential and has practical significance for strengthening and improving forest fire management levels in China.