遣唐大使藤原清河的和歌及其汉译探讨

Study on the Tang Ambassador—Fujihara no Kiyokawa’s Waka and Its Chinese Translation

藤原清河是752年抵唐的第十一次遣唐使团的大使,其后终身仕唐,促进了中日两国的文化交流。目前中日两国有关清河的研究较少,其内容多为清河的来华经过、在唐任职情况以及归日经历,并未考察清河的和歌。作为遣唐大使的藤原清河不仅外交能力出众,还具有一定的文学才能,他创作的和歌被收录在日本最早的和歌集《万叶集》中。《万叶集》还收录有多首由其他人咏唱的与清河赴唐相关的和歌,并且数量之多在历次遣唐使中未曾见。本文收集整理《万叶集》中藤原清河本人咏唱以及他人咏唱的与其有关的和歌,并结合当时的中日文化交流背景对这些和歌进行考察。经考察得知这些和歌大部分是御制歌,围绕清河遣唐而作,而其和歌的艺术重在表现“船”、“神”、“天雲”、“帰りくる(归来)”等意象。同时,从体裁、特定文化意象的角度对清河的和歌的杨烈、赵乐甡的两种汉译本进行比较分析。

Fujiwara no Kiyokawa who was the ambassador of the 11th Tang Dynasty Mission of Japan arrived in the Tang Dynasty in the year 752 and contributed himself to the Tang Dynasty after that. He promoted Sino-Japanese cultural exchanges. The research about Kiyokawa was very little both in China and Japan, among the very little researches was just about his comings between China and Japan, or his position in the Tang Dynasty. There was so little research about his Waka. As the ambassador of the Tang Dynasty, Fujiwara no Kiyokawa not only has outstanding diplomatic skills, but also has a certain literary talent. His Waka are included in the earliest collection of Waka in Japan, Manyoshixyuu. Manyoshixyuu also contains a number of songs related to Kiyokawa to Tang, which are sung by other people, and the number of the Waka was the most among all the ambassadors. This article collected the Waka related to Kiyokawa both himself and other people's Waka in the Manyoshixyuu, and investigated the songs under the background of Sino-Japanese cultural exchanges. After investigation, I learned that most of these Waka were royal Waka, and they were all about Kiyokawa’s mission. The art of the Waka focused on the images of “ship”, “god”, and “cloud”, “return” and so on. Meanwhile, from the perspective of genre and specific cultural imagery, I also made a comparative analysis of two Chinese translation versions of Yang Lie and Zhao Leshen about Kiyokawa’s Waka.