动物权利论阔视下《野性的呼唤》中人与动物的关系

The Relationship between Humans and Animals in The Call of the Wild from the Perspective of Animal Rights

人与动物的关系往往折射出了人对自然的认知和改造,是人与自然生态中重要有机组成部分。杰克•伦敦的小说《野性的呼唤》中,动物的权利变化微妙地呈现了动物与人类利益关系的抗衡。主人公猎犬巴克通过拥有主体自我的思想上的意识和判断,行为上的顺从和反抗,情感上的仇视和报恩,反映了动物凭借自身对抗自然和人类双重压迫的理性策略、感性选择在生存困境之下的矛盾心理。本文以汤姆•雷根的动物权利理论为分析工具,从动物生活主体、天赋价值和道德权利等三个维度进行论证,分析了小说中不同人物对动物权利的漠视、弃置与重视。本文批判了部分人类对动物的残忍行为,也反应了人类对动物权利的剥夺和赋予,更称赞了动物与人的和谐共处、情感互融,本文从动物权利发展的视角来重新审视小说。

The relationship between humans and animals reflects human cognition and transformation and is an essential organic part of human and natural ecology. In Jack London’s The Call of the Wild, Animal Rights subtly indicate the counterbalance between the interests of animals and humans. The protagonist Buck, the hound, reflects the ambivalence of animals’ rational strategies and emotional choices against the dual oppression of nature and humans by his consciousness and judgment in thought, obedience, and resistance in behavior, as well as the hatred and gratitude in emotion. From Tom Reagan’s Animal Rights theory, this article analyzes the indifference, abandonment, and treasuring of different characters in the novel on Animal Rights from the Sub-jects-of-a-Life, the inherent value, and the moral rights three aspects. To criticize part of human cruelty to animals, reflect the animal rights’ deprivation and empowerment by human beings and praise the harmonious coexistence of natural beings, the article initially views the novel from Animal Rights development.