左拉“自然主义”文学思想对哈基姆乡土小说的影响

The Influence of Zola’s “Naturalism” Literary Thought on Hakim’s Local Novels

陶菲克•哈基姆接受了法国作家左拉所主张的“自然主义”文学思想的影响,这种影响更多表现为一种情调与观念的渗透。他小说创作思想上没有社会道德教化,也不探索道德伦理意义,他始终强化了自然主义的“真实性”、“科学性”与“革命性”。在他创作生涯中始终坚持以自然主义手法写作,将追踪调查、科学研究的方法与文学创作相结合,在乡土小说《乡村检察官手记》对乡土社会的立法制度、议会选举制度、“血仇”制度、医疗制度规律进行观察,对农民的思想、行为、语言进行挖掘,为埃及30年代政治状态绘制了一幅幅准确、真实、全面的“社会经济结构”画卷,为读者提供了大量埃及30年代真实生动的乡土社会资料。因此,他就被成为“埃及的左拉”。本文以哈基姆乡土小说《乡村检察官手记》为文本依据,试图论述左拉“自然主义”文学思想对哈基姆的影响。

Tawfik Hakim embraced the influence of French writer Zola’s “naturalism” in literature, an influ-ence that primarily reflected as a permeation of mood and concept. His novel creation ideology lacks social-moral education and does not explore moral and ethical significance. He has always strengthened the “authenticity”, “scientific”, and “revolutionary” of naturalism. Throughout his creative career, he always adhered to the naturalistic approach to writing, combining tracking investigation and scientific research with literary creation. In his local novel “The Notes of Rural Prosecutors”, he observed the legislative system, parliamentary election system, “blood feud” system, and the medical system of local society. He excavated the thoughts, behaviors, and languages of farmers, and drew accurate and authentic images of the political state of Egypt in the 1930s the comprehensive “socio-economic structure” scroll which provided readers with a large amount of authentic and vivid local social information of Egypt in the 1930s. Therefore, he was referred to as the “Zola of Egypt”. This article is based on Hakim’s rural novel “Notes of the Rural Prosecutor” and attempts to discuss the influence of Zola’s “naturalistic” literary thought on Hakim.