中世纪典雅爱情的两性参与过程及其影响初探

Discussion on the Process and Influence of Gender Participation in Medieval Courtly Love

中世纪盛期以来,人文主义和理性主义的发展使得人们越发重视人的价值、人的情感,更因为基督教圣母崇拜等宗教意识的广泛传播、新型诗歌类型的出现以及精英阶层女性相对地位改变等因素,一种以女性为主导的爱情观念——典雅爱情在精英阶级中逐渐流传开来,使之逐渐成为近代以来男性绅士自我约束的根源、女性对于爱情的浪漫幻想。究其根本,典雅爱情的产生是中世纪贵族女性对于男权社会的一种无声反抗,同时也是精英男性抱有一定目的的妥协,两性的共同认可使得社会形成一种相对稳定局面。但作为一种贵族阶级的消遣娱乐,典雅爱情始终无法摆脱其突破道德的消极性以及所展示的阶级差距,因此,我们要以一种二元批判的眼光看待中世纪典雅爱情。Since the high Middle Ages, the development of humanism and rationalism has made people pay more and more attention to human values and human emotions. Moreover, due to the wide spread of religious consciousness such as Christian Madonna worship, the emergence of new types of poetry and the change in the relative status of women in the elite class, a female-dominated concept of love—courtly love has gradually spread among the elite class. It has gradually become the source of self-restraint of male gentlemen and the romantic fantasy of women for love in modern times. Fundamentally, the emergence of courtly love is a silent resistance of aristocratic women to the patriarchal society in the Middle Ages, and it is also a compromise of elite men with a certain purpose. The common recognition of both sexes makes the society form a relatively stable situation. However, as a kind of aristocratic class entertainment, courtly love has always been unable to get rid of its negative morality and the class gap shown, so we should treat the medieval courtly love with a dualistic critical vision.