浅论T·H·格林的教育思想与实践——19世纪末期英国的教育改革

Thomas Hill Green’s Educational Thought and Practice—Education Reform in Britain in the Late 19th Century

英国作为世界上第一个完成工业化的国家,工业化在带来生产力进步的同时也带来了非常矛盾的现象,资源变得更少,人口变得更多。就教育状况而言,占英国大多数的中产阶层无法享受到必要的教育资源。英国的教育资源必须重新分配,重构国民教育体系成为一种趋势。格林顺应这种趋势通过教育进行社会重建。本文试图从宏观角度,即教育权由宗教主导向国家干预转变的历史大背景和微观角度,即格林在唐顿委员会和担任自由党议员期间的具体实践来说明格林是如何通过改变教育来进行社会改革的。格林试图通过教育改革来削弱英国社会阶层的固化,他的教育思想有着践行普世价值观的宗教情怀,这种宗教情怀是格林推动教育改革的重要动力。

In the 19th century, Britain became the first country to complete industrialization in the world. Industrialization brings productivity progress, and also a very contradictory phenomenon, with fewer resources and more population. As far as education is concerned, the majority of the middle class in the UK cannot enjoy the necessary educational resources. Educational resources of Britain must be redistributed. It is a trend to reconstruct the national education system. Green followed this trend to reconstruct society through education. This paper attempts to explain how Green carried out social reform by changing education from a macro-perspective, that is, the historical background and a micro-perspective of the transformation of the right to education from a religious orientation to state intervention, that is, the specific practice of Green during his tenure in the Taunton Committee and as a member of the Liberal Party. Green tries to weaken the solidity of the British social class through educational reform. His educational thoughts have the religious feelings of practicing universal values are the important driving force of Green's educational reform.