家庭资本对父母教养行为的影响——基于2014年中国家庭追踪调查CFPS的实证分析

The Influence of Family Capital on Parental Rearing Behavior—Empirical Analysis Based on the 2014 China Household Tracking Survey CFPS

父母作为孩子的第一任老师,其教养行为对孩子的成长具有举足轻重的作用。不同的家庭背景,父母的教养行为有所不同。本文从“资本”这一视角,探讨家庭资本对父母教养行为的影响,从而更好地理解家庭背景因素对孩子成长产生作用的机理。为了使研究结果更全面和准确,本文还对独生子女家庭和非独生子女家庭,城镇家庭和农村家庭进行异质性分析,随后进一步探讨了单亲家庭中家庭资本对父母教养行为的影响。结果表明:家庭资本对父母教养行为有显著正向影响;与父亲受教育年限相比,母亲受教育年限对父母教养行为的影响更大;家庭城乡分类和孩子是否是独生子女会显著影响父母教养行为;在农村家庭中,父母更主动与女孩沟通;单亲家庭中,单亲母亲比单亲父亲对孩子教育更加关心,并且职位是管理人员的监护人与职位不是管理人员的监护人相比,对孩子教育的关心程度和与孩子主动沟通程度下降。

Parents, as the first teachers of their children, play an important role in their children’s growth. Different family backgrounds have different parenting behaviors. From the perspective of “capital”, this paper discusses the impact of family capital on parental rearing behavior, so as to better understand the mechanism of family background factors on children’s growth. In order to make the research results more comprehensive and accurate, this paper also analyzes the heterogeneity of one-child families and non-one-child families, urban families and rural families, and then further discusses the impact of family capital on parental rearing behavior in single-parent families. The results show that family capital has a significant positive impact on parental rearing behavior. Compared with the years of father’s education, the years of mother’s education have a greater impact on parents’ rearing behavior. The classification of urban and rural families and whether children are only children will significantly affect parental rearing behavior. The age of children in one-child families is positively correlated with the degree of parents’ concern for children’s educa-tion, while the age of children and the number of generations in non-one-child families are negatively correlated with the degree of communication between parents and children. In rural families, parents are more active in communicating with girls. In single-parent families, single mothers are more concerned about children’s education than single fathers, and the position is the guardian of managers. Compared with the guardians who are not administrators, the guardians who are administrators are less concerned about children’s education and have less active communication with children.