高等教育、中等教育人力资本对旅游产业发展的影响——基于省份面板数据的实证分析

An Empirical Study in the Influence of Human Capital of Higher Education and Secondary Education on the Development of Tourism Industry Based on Panel Data

当前旅游领域对于人力资本对旅游经济影响的研究仍然存在不足,研究不同层次人力资本的效应差异的更是寥寥。在“人才强旅”战略的背景下,本文将人力资本的经济影响引入旅游领域,运用我国31省、市、自治区2008~2017年间的面板数据,基于柯布–道格拉斯(Cobb-Douglas)生产函数模型,探究高等及中等人力资本对于旅游产业发展的影响。结果表明:高等教育人力资本对旅游产业发展的作用不显著,中等教育人力资本对旅游产业发展起显著的负向作用。这表明我国仍处于旅游人才培养模式的优化调整期,人力资本处于青黄不接的阶段,中等教育人力资本难以发挥推动作用,而高等教育效力仍尚未显现。我国应该重视高等教育人力资本对旅游产业发展的促进作用,持续推动旅游人才培养模式向多样化、多层次方向发展,以推动我国旅游发展模式从数量规模扩张为主转向质量效益提高为主。

In the present field of tourism, the research on the impact of human capital on tourism economy is still limited, and few studies on the varieties of effectiveness from different levels of human capital are conducted. With the strategy of “strengthening tourism by talents”, this paper introduces the economic impact of human capital into the field of tourism, using the panel data from 2008 to 2017 of 31 provinces, cities and autonomous regions in China to explore the impact of higher and secondary human capital on the development of tourism industry based on Cobb Douglas production function model. The result shows that higher education human capital has no obvious effect on the development of tourism industry, while secondary education human capital has a remarkable negative effect. This represents that China is still in the optimal adjustment period of tourism talent training mode, that human capital is in the stage of shortage, that human capital in secondary education is difficult to play a promoting role, and that the effectiveness of higher education has not yet appeared. China should pay attention to the role of human capital of higher education in promoting the development of tourism industry, and continue to promote the development of tourism talent training mode into a diversified and multi-level direction, so as to shift China’s tourism development mode from the quantity- and scale-expansion orientation to quality- and benefit-improvement.