科举蒙学教育视野中的《左传》文章批评

Criticism of <i>Zuo Zhuan</i> Articles from the Per-spective of Imperial Examination Enlightenment Education

科举考试自创制之日起就与《左传》产生了千丝万缕的联系。在科举蒙学文献中,《左传》文章批评以浅显易懂的形态呈现,目的是适应儿童学习需求。古人以对句读为基础,重视从思想道德角度向儿童讲解《左传》中的正邪、善恶、夷夏等内容,努力为儿童树立符合封建正统观念的榜样。在系统性的科举教育思想与《左传》文章批评关系方面,唐彪具有代表性。唐彪的科举教育思想集前人之优点,围绕八股文展开,但又不限于此,而是将视野扩展到了古文阅读和写作领域,将文章写作与自身道德素质提升紧密结合在一起。《左传》文章批评贯穿在唐彪科举教育思想中,他尤其关注《左传》文章技法的价值。唐彪因时代局限而与科举妥协,但他摒弃功利目的、坚守儒家思想与价值、细心引导学生,这是值得称道的。

The imperial examinations or “Ke Ju Kao Shi” were inextricably linked with Zuo Zhuan since the creation of it. In the literature on imperial enlightenment examinations, Zuo Zhuan article criticism is presented in a simple and understandable form, with the purpose of adapting to children’s learning needs. The ancients, based on the sentence segmentation, attached great importance to explaining to children the content of righteousness, good and evil, natives and foreigners, etc. in Zuo Zhuan from an ideological and moral perspective, and worked hard to set an example for children in line with feudal orthodoxy. Tang Biao is representative of the relationship between the systematic imperial enlightenment examination educational thoughts and the criticism of Zuo Zhuan articles. Tang Biao’s imperial examination education thoughts focused on the advantages of the predecessors, discussed on the eight-part essay, but it was not limited to this. Instead, he extended his vision to the field of ancient Chinese reading and writing, and closely integrated the writing of articles with the improvement of his own moral quality. Zuo Zhuan article criticism runs through Tang Biao’s imperial examination education thoughts, and he pays particular attention to the value of Zuo Zhuan article techniques. Tang Biao compromised with the imperial examination due to the limitations of the times, but he rejected utilitarian purposes, adhered to Confucianism and values, and carefully guided students, which is commendable.