新冠疫情下小学教师线上教学胜任力评价模型建构——基于社会学习理论观点

A Study on Developing Evaluation Model for Online Teaching Competencies in Primary Education in the Era of the COVID-19 Pandemic—Based on a Social Learning Theory Perspective

本研究采社会学习理论框架,藉由模糊德尔菲技术筛选出新冠疫情下小学教师线上教学胜任力评价的三个构面与十四项准则,再以Python与DEMATEL-ANP方法探究各评估指标之权重值以及指标间之因果关系。研究发现,三个评估构面间相互影响,符合社会学习理论提倡的三角对等性。评估准则依权重系数大小排序前三位是:工作忠诚度、教学策略与数字素养,后三位是:家长交流、视保对策与教学工具。中心度最高的准则是“工作忠诚度”,而“自我效能感”准则的原因度最大。基于本文的研究发现,本文提出如下建议:1) 教学胜任力的培育与评估须从“教师个体之核心素养”、“教学行为”与“教学环境”等三要素展开系统性解构,不应仅停留于行为表象或单向归结于环境因素;2) 提升线上教学自我效能之首要,须提升工作忠诚感;3) 传统的高绩效教师可能不适应线上教学环境,要调整情绪以面临可能的失落;4) 须将“网瘾对策”与“视保对策”纳入评估考量;5) 与学生建立良好互动并建立信任是线上教学胜任力评估的首要指标;6) 线上教学亦须考虑与线下教学场景之融合。

This study used the framework of Social Learning Theory (SLT) and the fuzzy Delphi technique to screen 3 dimensions and 14 criteria for developing an evaluation model for online teaching competencies in primary education during the COVID-19 pandemic. The weight values of each evaluation indicator and the causal relationship between them were explored by using Python and DEMATEL- ANP methods. The results showed that three dimensions all influence each other, which accords with the principle of triadic reciprocality advocated by Bandura’s Social Learning Theory. According to the weight value, the top three criteria are ranked as follows: Job Commitment, Teaching Strategy, and Digital Competence, while the bottom three are ranked as follows: Teacher-Parent Communication Strategy, Visual Protection Measures, and Teaching Instrument. The criterion with the highest relational degree is the criteria of Job Commitment, while the highest reasonable degree is Teachers’ Self-efficacy for online teaching. Six suggestions were put forward in this study. 1) The cultivation and evaluation of teaching competence should be systematically deconstructed from the teachers’ competencies, teaching behavior, and teaching environment, where it should not be confined to the behavioral phenomenon or attributed to environmental factors. 2) To improve the self-efficacy of online teaching, it is necessary to improve job commitment;3) Teachers who show high performance in traditional teaching probably need to adjust their emotions and face possible loss;4) Internet addiction and Visual Protection Measures should be considered for online teaching competencies;5) Establishing good interaction and trust with students was an important element of online teaching competences. 6) Online teaching should also consider the integration of online and offline teaching scenes.