大学新生心理普查有效性的实证分析

An Empirical Analysis of the Effectiveness of Psychological Survey for College Freshmen

大学新生心理普查是高校筛查大学生心理危机的重要方法,但是这一工作方法的实证效度尚需进一步探讨。本研究对某高校2017~2018级新生使用SCL-90进行心理普查,2019~2020级新生同时使用SCL-90和UPI进行普查,以普查后回访需关注学生和辅导员上报的重点关注学生情况为效标,使用SPSS19.0对普查效果进行实证分析。结果表明:相比单一的SCL-90普查方式,SCL-90与UPI联合筛选大大提高了需关注学生的命中率,降低了实际心理危机学生的漏报率;对于不同筛查标准,发现自杀意念是预测心理危机的重要敏感性指标,命中率显著高于SCL-90和UPI量表的中重度筛选标准;不同筛查标准的命中率和漏报率呈显著正相关,评估不同筛查标准时应综合考虑命中率和漏报率,合并使用不同量表和自杀意念的综合筛查有助于提高心理普查的有效性。

Psychological survey for college freshmen is an important method to screen the psychological crisis of college students, but the empirical validity of this method needs to be further discussed. In this study, SCl-90 was used for psychological survey for freshmen of 2017~2018 in a university. Mean-while both SCL-90 and UPI were used for freshmen of 2019~2020. Taking the focused students dis-covered by post-census return visit and the key students reported by counselors as validity criteria, an empirical analysis was conducted to examine the effectiveness of psychological survey. The results showed that the combined application of SCL-90 and UPI significantly increased the hit rate of students who need real attention and decreased the under-reporting rate of actual psychological crisis, compared with the single scale of SCL-90;for different screening criteria, suicidal ideation was an important sensitivity index for predicting psychological crisis, and the hit rate was significantly higher than the moderate to severe screen criteria of SCL-90 and UPI. There is positive correlation between the hit rate and the under-reporting rate of different screen criteria. The hit rate and the under-reporting rate should be taken into account when evaluating the effectiveness of different screening criteria. The comprehensive screening of suicidal ideation combined with different scales is helpful to improve the effectiveness of psychological survey.