高考立体几何试题的特点及教学思考——基于2013~2022年计56套全国课标卷的分析

The Characteristics and Teaching Thinking of the Solid Geometry Test Questions in the National College Entrance Examination—Based on the Analysis of 56 Sets of National Curriculum Standard Papers from 2013 to 2022

高考是中国衡量学生学习成绩、选拔优秀人才的重要途径,而数学一直以来都是高考的重要内容,对提高高考数学命题的质量有着重要的现实意义。本文基于2013~2022年计56套全国课标卷,对每套试卷中立体几何的考查总分与题型、考查知识点内容、试题特点、核心素养的考查进行了统计与分析。在此基础上,预测了高考立体几何的命题趋势。进行了统计与分析。研究发现,立体几何试题十分注重基础知识的变式考查,综合知识的创新考查,同时注重数学文化的融入。因此,立体几何教学应注重挖掘教材、把握本质;将中国优秀传统文化融入课堂,落实情境教学。

The college entrance examination is an important way for China to measure students’ academic performance and select outstanding talents, and mathematics has always been an important content of the college entrance examination, which has important practical significance in improving the quality of mathematics questions in the college entrance examination. This article is based on 56 sets of national curriculum standard papers from 2013 to 2022, and statistically analyzes the total score and question types, knowledge points, characteristics, and core competencies of three-dimensional geometry in each set of test papers. On this basis, the trend of the proposition of solid geometry in the college entrance examination was predicted statistics and analysis were conducted. Research has found that solid geometry test questions place great emphasis on variable testing of basic knowledge, innovative testing of comprehensive knowledge, and the integration of mathematical culture. Therefore, the teaching of solid geometry should focus on exploring text-books and grasping the essence, integrating excellent traditional Chinese culture into the classroom and implementing situational teaching.