社区妇女对乳腺癌认知现状及健康教育需求研究

Research on the Status Quo of Community Women’s Cognition of Breast Cancer and the Need of Health Education

目的:通过研究获取社区妇女对乳腺癌的认知及健康教育需求情况,有利于社区有针对性地开展乳腺癌知识的健康教育,从而提高社区妇女对乳腺癌的认知度,有助于乳腺癌的早发现、早诊断、早治疗。方法:采取方便抽样的方法在不同社区内选取225名妇女进行问卷调查。采用一般情况调查表,自制社区妇女乳腺癌认知现状问卷和社区妇女乳腺癌健康需求问卷进行调查。所得数据采用SPSS23.0进行统计描述,计数资料采用率和构成比描述。结果:社区妇女对乳腺癌的认知程度普遍偏低,占总人数的63.11%、认知中等占24.44%、认知较强占12.45%。对乳腺癌在某方面的知识健康教育需求由高到低为:对乳腺癌的临床表现、高危人群及预防措施的健康需求占84.0%、接受社区的保健宣传占66.7%、不同时期乳腺的正常生理变化占52.9%、生育、哺乳的必要性占52.9%、科学合理的用药原则占43.5%、乳腺自查的方法占40.0%、心理调试技巧占32.2%、乳腺疾病的治疗和保健知识占32.0%、妇科疾病与乳腺疾病的相关性占19.5%、健康生活方式知识占5.8%。乳腺癌健康教育保健宣传需求比较接受的宣传形式:健康咨询占52.2%、讲座占33.3%、交谈占14.3%。结论:社区妇女对乳腺癌疾病知识的认知情况普遍偏低。健康教育需求中对乳腺癌的临床表现、高危人群及预防措施的知识需求占比最高,而对健康生活方式知识的需求占比最低。开展有关乳腺癌的临床表现、高危人群及预防措施等方面的知识的宣讲工作尤为重要。

Objective: To obtain community women’s awareness of breast cancer and health education needs through this study, which is conducive to the community to carry out targeted health education on breast cancer knowledge, so as to improve community women’s awareness of breast cancer, and contribute to the early detection, diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer. Method: A questionnaire survey was conducted among 225 women in different communities by convenient sampling method. Using the general situation questionnaire, self-made community women breast cancer cognition status questionnaire and community women breast cancer health needs questionnaire to investigate. The obtained data were statistically described by SPSS23.0, and the adoption rate and composition ratio of counting data were described. Results: The cognition degree of community women about breast cancer was generally low, accounting for 63.11%, 24.44% of the moderate cognition, 12.45% of the strong cognition. The demand for knowledge and health education in certain aspects of breast cancer from high to low is: The clinical manifestations of breast cancer, high risk groups and the health needs of preventive measures accounted for 84.0%, the acceptance of community health publicity accounted for 66.7%, the normal physiological changes of the breast in different periods accounted for 52.9%, the necessity of childbirth and breastfeeding accounted for 52.9%, the principle of scientific and reasonable drug use accounted for 43.5%, the methods of breast self-examination accounted for 40.0%, and the psychological adjustment skills accounted for 32.2%, the treatment and health care knowledge of breast diseases accounted for 32.0%, the correlation between gynecological diseases and breast diseases accounted for 19.5%, and the knowledge of healthy lifestyle accounted for 5.8%. Breast cancer health education and health promotion needs more accepted forms of publicity: health consultation accounted for 52.2%, lectures accounted for 33.3%, conversation accounted for 14.3%. Conclusion: The community women’s knowledge of breast cancer is generally low. Among the health education needs, the demand for knowledge of clinical manifestations, high-risk groups and preventive measures of breast cancer is the highest, while the demand for knowledge of healthy lifestyle is the lowest. It is particularly important to disseminate knowledge about the clinical manifestations of breast cancer, high-risk groups and preventive measures.