周口市幼儿教师职业压力现状及对策研究

The Present Situation and Countermeasures of Occupational Stress of Preschool Teachers in Zhoukou City

近年来,受教育教学任务、社会舆论、儿童安全等因素影响,幼儿教育面临着巨大的压力,导致了幼儿教育的高度紧张。幼儿园教师的工作压力对其自身和儿童的健康发展都有很大的影响。本文以周口幼儿教师为调查对象,以减轻其工作压力为目的,以幼儿教师的职业压力为主要内容。通过发放调查问卷,结合实际,制定了幼儿园教学工作、幼儿园组织管理、与同事和家庭成员关系、个人能力发展、社会地位与薪酬待遇等五个方面的调查研究。对周口市200名幼儿教师进行了调查,发现:1) 她们当前的工作紧张程度比较高;2) 她们工作的压力程度也是不同的;在对12位幼儿教师的访谈中,可以了解到当前压力来源:个人能力无法适应当前的专业发展、家人对自身职业认可度不高、教学工作量过多、幼儿园考核制度过于严格、幼儿教师工资待遇过低。根据多方面的数据分析,本研究得出以下结论:在幼儿园工作的教育工作者压力很大,所以从社会、幼儿园、幼师三个层面出发,对如何减轻教师的职业压力提出了一些建议。即:减轻幼儿教师的工作负担,进行开展多种形式的幼师专业培训,提高幼师的薪酬待遇,幼师自己要科学地理解这些压力,而减轻幼儿园教师的工作压力,保证其心理健康。

In recent years, influenced by educational and teaching tasks, public opinion, children’s safety and other factors, early childhood education is facing great pressure, resulting in a high level of tension in early childhood education. Kindergarten teachers’ work pressure has a great impact on their own and children’s healthy development. This paper takes preschool teachers in Zhoukou as the object of investigation, in order to reduce their work pressure as the purpose, the professional pressure of preschool teachers as the main content, through the distribution of questionnaires, combined with the reality, the kindergarten teaching work, kindergarten organization and management, the relationship with colleagues and family members, personal ability development, social status and salary treatment of five aspects of the investigation and research. The survey of 200 preschool teachers in Zhoukou City shows that: 1) In Zhoukou City, the teachers are faced with a lot of occupation stress. 2) Based on the interview of 11 preschool teachers, the present stress is mainly concentrated in the following aspects: personal ability cannot adapt to the current professional development, the family’s recognition of their career is not high, the teaching workload is too much, the kindergarten assessment system is too strict, and the salary of preschool teachers is too low. According to data analysis in various aspects, this study draws the following conclusions: preschool teachers in Zhoukou City have great occupational pressure, so from the perspective of society, from the perspective of kindergarten, and from the point of the kindergarten teacher himself, the teachers’ professional pressure is relieved, that is: to reduce the workload of pre-school teachers, develop various kinds of vocational training for pre-school teachers, improve the salary of teachers, make sure that they understand the stress scientifically, and reduce the pressure on kindergarten teachers, to ensure their mental health.