环境规制对就业的影响的机理与实证辨析——基于我国29个工业行业数据的分析

Mechanism and Empirical Analysis of the Influence of Environmental Regulation on Employment—Analysis Based on the Data of 29 Industrial Industries in China

近年来,随着环境污染问题越来越严重,国家相关部门出台或修订了一系列与环保相关的法律法规。与此同时,社会各界就环境规制对社会就业是否有影响这一问题讨论激烈,但尚未达成共识。文章从较长的时间尺度出发,基于29个工业行业(以下简称行业)的就业人数和人均工资,分析环境规制对不同行业就业的影响。研究发现:在统计时间内,随着环境规制的完善与提高,绝大多数行业没有出现就业人数减少的现象,且所有行业的人均工资都呈上涨趋势。因此文章认为目前我国环境规制对就业的宏观引导作用和对部分行业的倒逼作用有利于行业结构调整,对行业就业没有产生负面影响,短期内部分行业就业人数减少是达到环境效益与经济效益双赢的必经之路。

In recent years,with the problem of environmental pollution becoming more and more serious,a series of laws and regulations related to environmental protection have been issued or revised by the relevant departments of the state.At the same time,there is a heated discussion on whether environmental regulation has an impact on social employment,but no consensus has yet been reached.Based on the employment number and per capita wage of 29 industrial industries(here-inafter referred to as the industry),this paper analyzes the influence of environmental regulation on the employment of different industries from a long time scale.It is found that in the statistical time,with the improvement of environmental regulation,there is no decrease in the number of jobs in most industries,and the per capita wages of all industries show an upward trend.Therefore,the article holds that the macro-guiding effect of environmental regulation on employment and the backward effect on some industries are beneficial to the adjustment of industry structure and have no negative impact on industry employment.In the short term,the reduction of employment in some industries is the only way to achieve a win-win situation between environmental and economic benefits.