乌鲁木齐市沙依巴克区噪声环境现状监测与评价

Monitoring and Evaluation of Saybagh District Noise Environment in Urumqi

为了解掌握城市区域环境噪声污染状况,更好地改善和提高声环境质量,本文以乌鲁木齐市沙依巴克区(沙区)为例,首先按区域的使用功能特征,将沙区的声环境功能区分为4种类型,其次采用网格法对该区布设101个噪声监测点位,利用噪声频谱分析仪进行声环境测量,最后根据《声环境质量标准》(GB3096-2008)对测量结果进行分析和评价,并针对主要噪声源提出了一些降噪建议。结果表明:与相对应标准值相比,1类区(住宅区、学校等文教区)、2类区(住宅商业混合区)的等效连续A声级(Leq)分别为62.7 dB和63.4 dB,超标率分别为14%和5.7%,3类区(仓储物流工业区)和4类区(交通路段)的Leq分别为62.4 dB和68.6 dB,未超标。一类区噪声主要来源于市政工程和居民生活,可通过树木屏蔽和合理安排施工作业时间来改善,二类区噪声主要来源于人员的流动造成的嘈杂,可通过对人员进行合理分流来降噪,三类和四类区的声环境质量较好,但四类区交通瞬时性和偶发性较大,可通过限速和禁止鸣笛等措施减少噪声污染。

In order to master the status of urban regional environmental noise pollution, improve and en-hance the quality of the acoustic environment, taking Urumqi saybagh district as an example. Firstly, according to the functional characteristics of the area, the acoustic environment functions of the saybagh area were divided into four types;Secondly, 101 noise monitoring points were arranged in the area by the grid method, and the acoustic environment was measured by the noise spectrum analyzer;Finally, according to the Acoustic Environmental Quality Standard (GB3096-2008) analyzed and evaluated the measurement results, and put forward some noise reduction suggestions for the main noise sources. The results showed that, compared with the corresponding standard value, Equivalent continuous A sound level (Leq) of the first-class region(residential area, school and other cultural and educational areas) and the second-class area(residential and commercial mixed area) were 62.7 dB and 63.4 dB, the over-standard rates were 14% and 5.7%, respectively. The Leq of third-class (warehouse logistics industrial zone) and forth-class (traffic section) were 62.4 dB and 68.6 dB, respectively, which did not exceed the standard. The noise in the first-class area mainly came from municipal engineering and residents lives, which can be improved by shielding by trees and reasonable arrangement of construction work time. The noise in the second- class area mainly came from the noisy caused by the movement of person, and the noise can be reduced by reasonable diversion of person. The acoustic environment quality of the third and fourth types of area was better, but the fourth type of traffic was transient and sporadic. Measures such as speed limit and prohibition of whistle can be used to reduce noise pollution.