废旧晶体硅光伏组件回收利用技术及其环境经济效益分析

Analysis on Recycling Technology and Environmental and Economic Benefits of Waste Crystalline Silicon Photovoltaic Modules

近年来,太阳能光伏产业迎来了蓬勃的发展,太阳能发电技术的日渐成熟,逐渐替代了传统的火力发电,有效缓解了目前煤炭等化石能源匮乏的局面,且大大降低了碳排放量,改善了城市空气污染的问题。同时,由此产生的废旧光伏组件也给整个社会环境带来了极大威胁。回收利用废旧光伏组件并进行循环利用,不仅可以解决上述环境问题,同时还能弥补资源紧缺和产出可观的经济效益。本文在对晶体光伏组件的组成和结构进行解析的基础上,分析并对比了热处理法、化学处理法和物理回收法3种主流的光伏组件回收利用技术。对我国关于废旧光伏组件回收的相关政策进行了研究,并对光伏组件的回收再利用前景进行了展望。

In recent years, the solar photovoltaic industry has ushered in vigorous development, and the solar power generation technology is becoming more and more mature, gradually replacing traditional thermal power generation, effectively alleviating the current shortage of fossil energy such as coal, greatly reducing carbon emissions, and Improving the problem of urban air pollution. At the same time, the resulting waste photovoltaic modules also bring a great threat to the entire social environment. Recycling and recycling waste photovoltaic modules can not only solve the above-mentioned environmental problems, but also make up for the shortage of resources and produce considerable economic benefits. Based on the analysis of the composition and structure of crystalline photovoltaic modules, this paper analyzes and compares three mainstream photovoltaic module recycling technologies: heat treatment, chemical treatment and physical recycling. The relevant policies on recycling of waste photovoltaic modules in China are studied, and the prospects for the recycling and reuse of photovoltaic modules are prospected.