不同城市密度下建筑空间绿化布局对环境变化的模拟研究

Simulated Study on the Impact of Green Spatial Layout of Buildings on Environmental Changes under Different Urban Densities

随着都市化的加速,人口密度逐渐升高,高层建筑的发展成为趋势。这种高密度的发展模式对都市微气候产生了显著影响。为应对这一挑战,本研究探讨了建筑墙面绿化的效果及其在不同都市密度下的作用。本研究以100%垂直绿化为基础,针对低、中、高三种密度的都市环境,设计了12种不同绿化比例(0%、35%、65%、100%)的方案。通过行人高度的风速和温度分析,我们发现风速和温度在不同密度和方位上存在显著差异。无论是否配置绿化,随着都市密度和建筑高度的增加,人行高度的风速逐渐增大。然而,绿化配置对风速有明显的抑制作用,随着绿化比例的增加,风速逐渐降低。特别地,配置35%绿化比例的建筑可以显著降低各密度的风速并达到最佳的降温效果。在中、低密度下,这种配置可以降低最少7%的风速和7%的温度。此外,本研究还发现高密度都市的行人风场较高,而中、低密度的平均温度较高但风速较低。在背风面的西侧进行绿化设计可以更有效地降低风速和温度。

With the acceleration of urbanization, the population density is gradually increasing, and the de-velopment of high-rise buildings has become a trend. This high-density development model has a significant impact on the urban microclimate. To address this challenge, this study discusses the impact of greening building walls in different urban densities. Based on 100% vertical greening, this study designed 12 scenarios with different greening ratios (0%, 35%, 65%, 100%) for low, medium, and high density urban environments. Through the analysis of wind speed and tempera-ture at pedestrian height, we found significant differences in wind speed and temperature across different densities and directions. Whether or not greening is present, as urban density and building height increase, wind speed at pedestrian height gradually increases. However, greening configurations have a significant inhibitory effect on wind speed, which gradually decreases as the greening ratio increases. In particular, buildings with a 35% greening ratio can significantly reduce wind speed and achieve optimal cooling effects across all densities. Under medium and low densities, this configuration can reduce wind speed by at least 7% and temperature by 7%. Additionally, this study found that high-density urban areas have higher pedestrian wind fields, while medium and low-density areas have higher average temperatures but lower wind speeds. Greening designs on the west side of the leeward face can more effectively reduce wind speed and temperature.