中国喀斯特环境与生物多样性研究综述

A Review of Karst Environment and Biodiversity in China

喀斯特(karst),是具有溶蚀力的水对可溶性岩石进行溶蚀作用等所形成的地表和地下形态的总称,又称岩溶地貌。除溶蚀作用以外,还包括流水的潜蚀、冲蚀、以及坍陷等机械侵蚀过程。中国是世界上拥有喀斯特环境最多的国家,从热带到寒带,各种喀斯特地貌类型齐全。在喀斯特环境中表现出丰富的物种多样性、遗传多样性和生态系统多样性。但是由于喀斯特环境自身的脆弱性,加上人类不合理的开发和利用,使得区内的自然资源和自然环境不断地遭到破坏,导致了严重的生态问题,虽然已经进行了一些退化地区的恢复与保护管理,但是还不足以解决这个问题。本文回顾了有关中国喀斯特生境与生物多样性的研究,研究主要集中于广西、贵州、云南东部等西南地区,在此基础上探讨喀斯特环境对于生物多样性的影响,为今后加强环境管理,指导生物多样性保护实践提供一定的方向。

Karst, also known as karst landform, is the general name of surface and underground form formed by dissolution of soluble rock by water with dissolution ability. In addition to dissolution, it also includes water erosion, erosion, and collapse and other mechanical erosion processes. China has more karst environments than any other country in the world, with various types of karst landforms ranging from tropical to cold zones. The karst environment shows rich species diversity, genetic diversity and ecosystem diversity. However, due to the fragility of the karst environment itself and unreasonable development and utilization of human beings, the natural resources and environment in the region are constantly destroyed, leading to serious ecological problems. Although some restoration and protection management of degraded areas have been carried out, it is not enough to solve this problem. This paper reviews the studies on karst habitats and biodiversity in China, mainly in Guangxi, Guizhou, eastern Yunnan and other southwest China. On this basis, the impact of karst environment on biodiversity is discussed, which provides a certain direction for strengthening environmental management and guiding biodiversity conservation practice in the future.