摘要
The research aimed at carrying out a comparative study on the effect of <i>Massularia</i> <i>acuminata</i> fractions against bacterial and fungi isolates from the oral cavity. The Antimicrobial assay was carried on the following test organism;<i>Staphylococcus</i> <i>aureus</i>, <i>Klebsiella</i> <i>pnuemoniae</i>,<i>Bacillus</i> <i>subtilis</i> and <i>Escherichia</i> <i>coli</i> and <i>Enterobacter</i> <i>aerogenes</i>. From antifungal result, it was observed that the highest inhibition was observed in the ethanolic extract of <i>Massularia</i> <i>acuminata</i> on <i>Rhyzopus</i> <i>stolonifer</i>, <i>Candida</i> <i>albican</i> and <i>Fusarium</i> <i>solani</i>. The ethanolic and methanolic extracts were also observed from the results to have an intermediate sensitivity to <i>Aspergillus</i> <i>favus</i>, <i>Candida</i> <i>tropicalis</i>, <i>Can</i><i>dida</i> <i>albican</i>, <i>Rhyzopus</i> <i>stolonifer</i>, <i>Fusarium</i> <i>solani</i>, while it was observed to be resistant to <i>Fusarium</i> <i>solani</i>, <i>Rhyzopus</i> <i>stolonifer</i>, <i>Candida</i> <i>tropicalis</i>, <i>Aspergillus</i> <i>favus</i> for all the partitions of the extracts. From the antifungal effect of the <i>M</i>. <i>acuminata</i> fractions, it could be inferred that the ethanolic and methanolic extracts were quite effective in the inhibition of the fungi infections and the methanolic extract proved very infective on <i>Candida</i> <i>albican</i>, <i>Rhyzopus</i> <i>stolonifer</i> <i>and</i> <i>Fusarium</i> <i>solani</i>. From the result of the antibacterial effect of <i>M</i>. <i>acuminata</i> fractions, the highest inhibition was observed by the methanolic extract of <i>Massularia</i> <i>acuminata</i> against all the Gram negative bacteria and <i>Staphylococcus</i> <i>aureus</i>. Also the aqueous extract also had a less sensitivity against all the test microbes, as all proved resistant. It could be inferred that the fractions of the extracts were unable to inhibit the growth of the strain of gram positive bacteria and probably, the potency could be increased, if the concentrations of the methanolic, ethanolic extracts of <i>Massularia</i> <i>acuminata</i> and the standard drug, tetracycline are increased. Results obtained showed that ethanol was a better and more powerful solvent than water. Whereas, the methanolic extract and the standard drug were quite effective in the inhibition of some gram negative bacteria, <i>Klebsiella</i> <i>pnuemoniae</i> and <i>Enterobacter</i> <i>aerogenes</i>. From the results obtained, it can be deduced that the ethanolic and methanolic extracts of <i>Massularia</i> <i>acuminta</i> possess antifungal and antibacterial potentials, compared with the aqueous extract and its potency as an inhibitor of bacterial and fungi organism found in the oral cavity.
The research aimed at carrying out a comparative study on the effect of <i>Massularia</i> <i>acuminata</i> fractions against bacterial and fungi isolates from the oral cavity. The Antimicrobial assay was carried on the following test organism;<i>Staphylococcus</i> <i>aureus</i>, <i>Klebsiella</i> <i>pnuemoniae</i>,<i>Bacillus</i> <i>subtilis</i> and <i>Escherichia</i> <i>coli</i> and <i>Enterobacter</i> <i>aerogenes</i>. From antifungal result, it was observed that the highest inhibition was observed in the ethanolic extract of <i>Massularia</i> <i>acuminata</i> on <i>Rhyzopus</i> <i>stolonifer</i>, <i>Candida</i> <i>albican</i> and <i>Fusarium</i> <i>solani</i>. The ethanolic and methanolic extracts were also observed from the results to have an intermediate sensitivity to <i>Aspergillus</i> <i>favus</i>, <i>Candida</i> <i>tropicalis</i>, <i>Can</i><i>dida</i> <i>albican</i>, <i>Rhyzopus</i> <i>stolonifer</i>, <i>Fusarium</i> <i>solani</i>, while it was observed to be resistant to <i>Fusarium</i> <i>solani</i>, <i>Rhyzopus</i> <i>stolonifer</i>, <i>Candida</i> <i>tropicalis</i>, <i>Aspergillus</i> <i>favus</i> for all the partitions of the extracts. From the antifungal effect of the <i>M</i>. <i>acuminata</i> fractions, it could be inferred that the ethanolic and methanolic extracts were quite effective in the inhibition of the fungi infections and the methanolic extract proved very infective on <i>Candida</i> <i>albican</i>, <i>Rhyzopus</i> <i>stolonifer</i> <i>and</i> <i>Fusarium</i> <i>solani</i>. From the result of the antibacterial effect of <i>M</i>. <i>acuminata</i> fractions, the highest inhibition was observed by the methanolic extract of <i>Massularia</i> <i>acuminata</i> against all the Gram negative bacteria and <i>Staphylococcus</i> <i>aureus</i>. Also the aqueous extract also had a less sensitivity against all the test microbes, as all proved resistant. It could be inferred that the fractions of the extracts were unable to inhibit the growth of the strain of gram positive bacteria and probably, the potency could be increased, if the concentrations of the methanolic, ethanolic extracts of <i>Massularia</i> <i>acuminata</i> and the standard drug, tetracycline are increased. Results obtained showed that ethanol was a better and more powerful solvent than water. Whereas, the methanolic extract and the standard drug were quite effective in the inhibition of some gram negative bacteria, <i>Klebsiella</i> <i>pnuemoniae</i> and <i>Enterobacter</i> <i>aerogenes</i>. From the results obtained, it can be deduced that the ethanolic and methanolic extracts of <i>Massularia</i> <i>acuminta</i> possess antifungal and antibacterial potentials, compared with the aqueous extract and its potency as an inhibitor of bacterial and fungi organism found in the oral cavity.
