Assessment of Factors Contributing to TB Treatment Adherence among Patients on TB Treatment in Kano State, Nigeria: A Case Study

Background: The WHO recommended DOTS has been proven to be very effective in the treatment of tuberculosis (TB) patients. However, despite its effectiveness, non-adherence to the treatment regimen remains a major concern in TB management. This has great consequences which include persistent infectiousness, higher rates of treatment failure, continued transmission, drug resistance, and untimely death. The aim of this study is to examine the factors and behavioural patterns that contribute to treatment adherence among TB patients in Kano State, Nigeria. Methods: A qualitative study design which included two focus group discussions (FGDs) and four key informant interviews (KIIs) were adopted for this study. In total, 20 participants were interviewed comprising 16 focus group discussion participants (8 patients on treatment and 8 individuals who have been cured) divided into two groups and four key informant interviews with 4 health workers in the selected treatment facilities. Data analysis was done by translating and transcribing the responses from the FGDs and KIIs. The transcribed data was analysed using a thematic framework procedure. Results: It was observed that having a good treatment supporter who was effective and very supportive was the most important factor contributing to treatment adherence. Other identified factors that contributed to treatment adherence included: good communication by health personnel, social support from relatives and communities, little or no side effects from drug usage, low cost of transportation to the health facilities, a positive mind set towards drug usage and treatment, support and motivation from health workers, feelings of wellness during treatment, and a balanced diet. All the respondents agreed that treatment adherence had far reaching effects on positive treatment outcomes. Conclusion: For better treatment adherence, a competent treatment supporter should be available for TB patients. Health care workers should ensure that effective communication and a cordial relationship do exist with TB patients. Also, TB patients should be properly counselled before the commencement of their treatment regimen to help them maintain a positive mind-set towards treatment. Finally, TB interventions should provide adequate social support for patients.