Assessment of Maxillary and Mandibular Bone Mineral Density in Controlled Type II Diabetes in Completely Edentulous Patients Using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography—A Cross Sectional Study with Comparison Group

This study was undertaken to assess and compare bone mineral density in nondiabetic and controlled diabetic subjects using cone beam computed tomography. A group of 60 completely edentulous patients, comprising of 30 nondiabetic and 30 controlled type 2 diabetics between the age group of 45 - 75 years, were enrolled in the study. Glycemic control of the diabetics was assessed using glycosylated hemoglobin test and level between 6.1% - 8% was considered controlled. A radiographic stent was fabricated for each patient by using chemically cured transparent acrylic resin. Bone densities at trabecular, buccal and lingual cortical regions of maxillary and mandibular ridges were measured by a cone beam tomography machine in Hounsfield units. The data thus obtained at 10 prospective oral implant sites of maxillary and mandibular ridges were tabulated and analyzed using STATA, version 14.0 statistical software. This study results showed no significant changes in the bone mineral density between the nondiabetic and controlled diabetic subjects. Within the limitations of this study, it can be concluded that bone mineral density does not seem to be affected in controlled type 2 diabetic patients.