摘要
The Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkov (TOV) equation is solved with a new ansatz: the external boundary condition with mass M<sub>0</sub> and radius R<sub>1</sub> is dual to the internal boundary condition with density ρ<sub>bc</sub> and inner radius r<sub>i</sub>, and the two boundary conditions yield the same result. The inner boundary condition is imposed with a density ρ<sub>bc</sub> and an inner radius r<sub>i</sub>, which is zero for the compact neutron stars, but non-zero for the shell-stars: stellar shell-star and galactic (supermassive) shell-star. Parametric solutions are calculated for neutron stars, stellar shell-stars, and galactic shell-stars. From the results, an M-R-relation and mass limits for these star models can be extracted. A new method is found for solving the Einstein equations for Kerr space-time with matter (extended Kerr space-time), i.e. rotating matter distribution in its own gravitational field. Then numerical solutions are calculated for several astrophysical models: white dwarf, neutron star, stellar shell-star, and galactic shell-star. The results are that shell-star star models closely resemble the behaviour of abstract black holes, including the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy, but have finite redshifts and escape velocity v c and no singularity.
The Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkov (TOV) equation is solved with a new ansatz: the external boundary condition with mass M<sub>0</sub> and radius R<sub>1</sub> is dual to the internal boundary condition with density ρ<sub>bc</sub> and inner radius r<sub>i</sub>, and the two boundary conditions yield the same result. The inner boundary condition is imposed with a density ρ<sub>bc</sub> and an inner radius r<sub>i</sub>, which is zero for the compact neutron stars, but non-zero for the shell-stars: stellar shell-star and galactic (supermassive) shell-star. Parametric solutions are calculated for neutron stars, stellar shell-stars, and galactic shell-stars. From the results, an M-R-relation and mass limits for these star models can be extracted. A new method is found for solving the Einstein equations for Kerr space-time with matter (extended Kerr space-time), i.e. rotating matter distribution in its own gravitational field. Then numerical solutions are calculated for several astrophysical models: white dwarf, neutron star, stellar shell-star, and galactic shell-star. The results are that shell-star star models closely resemble the behaviour of abstract black holes, including the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy, but have finite redshifts and escape velocity v c and no singularity.
作者
Jan Helm
Jan Helm(Technical University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany)
