摘要
The volatile compounds from horse and pony hairs and skin were analyzed to determine bioactive molecules that are kairomones used for host location by blood-feeding diptera. In this study, horse and pony hair samples were extracted with organic solvents (pentane or hexane) and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis (GC-MS) with closed electron ionization (CEI). Using the GC-MS analysis, we observed a compound peak, which could not be identified by comparison to mass spectra in the mass spectral library. This unknown compound was often the largest peak in the chromatogram and had a retention index and mass spectral fragmentation similar to nonanal. However, there were several differences in the fragmentation pattern. When compared to a nonanal reference standard, it was evident that this was a different compound. Hydrodistillation of pony hair was another extraction method to obtain the unknown component in higher concentrations. Analysis of this extract with GC-flame ionization detector (FID) with GC-MS confirmed the same unknown peak. Further experiments and analysis with the various mass spectroscopy tools gave the possible molecular ion with mass-to-charge ratio (<em>m/z</em>) 142, corresponding to the unknown component.
The volatile compounds from horse and pony hairs and skin were analyzed to determine bioactive molecules that are kairomones used for host location by blood-feeding diptera. In this study, horse and pony hair samples were extracted with organic solvents (pentane or hexane) and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis (GC-MS) with closed electron ionization (CEI). Using the GC-MS analysis, we observed a compound peak, which could not be identified by comparison to mass spectra in the mass spectral library. This unknown compound was often the largest peak in the chromatogram and had a retention index and mass spectral fragmentation similar to nonanal. However, there were several differences in the fragmentation pattern. When compared to a nonanal reference standard, it was evident that this was a different compound. Hydrodistillation of pony hair was another extraction method to obtain the unknown component in higher concentrations. Analysis of this extract with GC-flame ionization detector (FID) with GC-MS confirmed the same unknown peak. Further experiments and analysis with the various mass spectroscopy tools gave the possible molecular ion with mass-to-charge ratio (<em>m/z</em>) 142, corresponding to the unknown component.
作者
Maia Tsikolia
Till Opatz
Ulrich Kauhl
Nurhayat Tabanca
Betul Demirci
Saundra H. TenBroeck
Kenneth J. Linthicum
Ulrich R. Bernier
Maia Tsikolia;Till Opatz;Ulrich Kauhl;Nurhayat Tabanca;Betul Demirci;Saundra H. TenBroeck;Kenneth J. Linthicum;Ulrich R. Bernier(US Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Center for Medical, Agricultural, and Veterinary Entomology (CMAVE), Gainesville, FL, USA;Nichbisi Scientific Research Center (NSRC), Mtskheta, Georgia;Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany;US Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Subtropical Horticulture Research Station (SHRS), Miami, FL, USA;Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskisehir, Turkey;University of Florida’s Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (UF/IFAS) Horse Teaching Unit, Gainesville, FL, USA)
