Impact of Land-Use Changes on Sediment Load and Capacity Reduction of Lake Ziway, Ethiopia

Land-use change has been a factor that alters the hydrologic response of the watersheds leading to influencing on sediment yield changes. This study is mainly focusing on the assessment of the impacts of the land-use changes on sediment load and lake depth reduction on Lake Ziway, Ethiopia using an integrated approach of Remote Sensing (RS), GIS and SWAT model. ERDAS IMAGINE 14 model was used to generate land-use maps from Landsat TM, ETM+, and Ls8 acquired, in 1988, 2002 and 2015 as representative for the periods of (1988-1998), (1998-2008) and (2008-2018), respectively. The maximum likelihood algorithm of supervised classification applied to classify the basin land-use into seven land-use classes. The SWAT hydrological model with ArcGIS interface setup for the basin to evaluate the flow and sediment load with calibration and validation performance of the model range R2 (0.71 - 0.89) and NSE (0.57 - 0.87). As a result, the total average annual sediment yield from the sub-basins estimated as 3.59 t/ha/yr, 4.36 t/ha/yr, and 4.89 t/ha/yr for three consecutive decadal periods 1988-1998, 1998-2008, and 2008-2018 respectively. The increasing trend of sediment yield in the Lake Ziway watershed through one period to another justified as due to land-use. Similarly, the net sediment volume deposited in the lake also showed incremental trained with the land-use changes as 1.5 mcm/yr, 1.81 mcm/yr, and 2.033 mcm/yr for the period of 1988-1998, 1999-2008, and 2009-2018, respectively. The depth and water holding capacity of the lake reduced by 4.3 m and 25.76 mcm, respectively, from the depth and capacity recorded on the 2006 bathymetric survey, which was the effect of deposited sediment over the last 12 years.