摘要
The original online version of this article Salem, Y. (2017) The Influence of Gaseous Pollutants on Silver Artifacts Tarnishing. Open Journal of Air Pollution, 6, 135-148. doi: 10.4236/ojap.2017.64011 unfortunately contains grammar mistakes. The author wishes to correct the errors. The present work investigated the effect of common gaseous pollutants on silver artifacts. The study was carried out on coupons made of a silver alloy (91 silver and 9% copper) with chemical composition similar to ancient Egyptian silver artifacts. These coupons were exposed to gaseous pollutants such as sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide and chlorine, each gas separately. The exposure period was four weeks inside a climate chamber with 10 PPM concentration of each gas. After each test, examinations by SEM and PM were used to evaluate the effect of each gas and observe the formed tarnish layers. The results revealed that all gases reacted with the surface except carbon dioxide. The formed tarnish layers varied in coverage and density rate, and the heaviest layer was of H<sub>2</sub>S coupons. The tested coupons were analyzed by XRD and the results revealed Ag<sub>2</sub>S, AgCl, Ag<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>, Ag(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>(NO)<sub>3</sub>, AgO and Ag<sub>2</sub>O as corrosion products.
The original online version of this article Salem, Y. (2017) The Influence of Gaseous Pollutants on Silver Artifacts Tarnishing. Open Journal of Air Pollution, 6, 135-148. doi: 10.4236/ojap.2017.64011 unfortunately contains grammar mistakes. The author wishes to correct the errors. The present work investigated the effect of common gaseous pollutants on silver artifacts. The study was carried out on coupons made of a silver alloy (91 silver and 9% copper) with chemical composition similar to ancient Egyptian silver artifacts. These coupons were exposed to gaseous pollutants such as sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide and chlorine, each gas separately. The exposure period was four weeks inside a climate chamber with 10 PPM concentration of each gas. After each test, examinations by SEM and PM were used to evaluate the effect of each gas and observe the formed tarnish layers. The results revealed that all gases reacted with the surface except carbon dioxide. The formed tarnish layers varied in coverage and density rate, and the heaviest layer was of H<sub>2</sub>S coupons. The tested coupons were analyzed by XRD and the results revealed Ag<sub>2</sub>S, AgCl, Ag<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>, Ag(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>(NO)<sub>3</sub>, AgO and Ag<sub>2</sub>O as corrosion products.
作者
Yussri Salem
Yussri Salem(Conservation Department, Faculty of Archaeology, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt)
