清代汾河流域洪涝灾害发展与土壤侵蚀之关系

Relationship between Flood Disaster and Soil Erosion of the Fenhe River in the Qing Dynasty

在对地方史志及清宫档案中相关史料进行统计整理和量化分析的基础上,应用滑动平均和斯波曼秩次相关检验两种趋势分析方法,对清代汾河流域洪涝灾害的发展趋势进行研究,结果显示268年间洪涝灾害的严重程度呈增长趋势;通过对同期人口、耕地数量等社会因素变化情况的分析,探寻了洪涝灾害数量增长的原因。结论认为:清代人口的迅速增加导致建筑用材和燃料的需求大增,伴随而来的开垦荒地和砍伐山林植被等人类活动使该区土壤侵蚀量增加,从而导致河槽泥沙淤积、河道行洪能力降低等情况的发生,这些情况均使河流泛滥和破堤的风险增加,并最终导致流域水患数量不断增长。

On the basis of statistical collation and quantitative analysis of relevant historical materials in local his-tory records and Qing Archives,two trend analysis methods namely sliding average and Spearman rank correlation test are applied to study the development trend of flood disasters during the Qing Dynasty in the Fenhe River.The results show that the severity of flood disasters has increased in 268 years.Through the analysis of the changes in social factors such as population and cultivated land during the same period,the reasons for the increase of flood were explored.The conclusion is that the rapid increase of population during the Qing Dynasty led to a large demand increase for building materials and fuels.The accompanying activities of reclamation and deforestation increased the amount of soil erosion and resulted in channel sedimentation.Therefore,the risk of flooding and breaking banks increased,and eventually led to an increase in the number of floods in the basin.