从构式语法理论看汉语词义研究

A Construction-Bsed Approach to Chinese Lexical Semantics

本文在构式语法理论背景下，结合汉语具体实例，探索以一种新视角与新思路来进行词义研究。一方面，从上向下看(up-down)，充分利用词的不同结构中的表现来观察词义的细微差别，在整体结构中挖掘词义特徵、描述词义的分布特点与动态变异，力图通过大量的微观分析、比较，得到规律性的认识，为大规模的汉语词义组合分析探索出一条路子，同时在词义理论上有一些新发展。另一方面则从下向上看(down-up)，借鉴词义系统的分析方法，描述和解释句法结构之间存在的各种语义关系，如多义、同义、反义、同形等现象。这在以前的汉语研究中也是没有的，值得深入探索。

This paper, set within the theoretical framework of Construction Grammar, aims to pave the way for a comprehensive investigation of the behavior of Chinese lexical meaning with a focus on word sense and structure sense. Taking a top-down view, we discuss observed nuances in the meaning based on different syntax distributions, and describe the related semantic features, distributions and observed dynamic change. In addition, taking a bottom-up view, we use the analytical methods of the semantic system and also describe and explain many kinds of semantic relations between different structures, such as polysemy, synonymy, antonym, and homonymy.