儒家社会中的生活目标与角色义务

Life Goals and Role Obligation in a Confucian Society

本论文旨在回顾「华人本土心理学研究追求卓越计画」第二分项计画中与「儒家社会中之生活目标」有关的实徵研究。本论文首先提出一项实徵研究，说明在儒家社会中套用西方研究典范，可能遭遇到的局限。接着根据黄光国於二○○二年至二○○三年所做的另一项实徵研究，将儒家社会中的生活目标分为：纵向杰出、横向杰出、及自我肯定三大类，并提出一个概念架构，说明这三大类目标在父母要求、师长期待、同侪竞争、社会价值、个人价值、选择自由、选择理由、成败归因及自我呈现等方面的不同。其後，本论文回顾该分项计画中根据此一概念架构所完成的一系列实徵研究，并特别强调儒家社会中「努力」对实践个人角色义务所具有的道德意义。 我们希望：本论文所提供的研究模式，能够为华人本土心理学的研究开辟出一条新的可行途径。

This article is aimed to review major findings of a series of empirical research on issues related to life goals which had been conducted in the second topical project of the master project entitled ”In search of excellence for Chinese indigenous psychological research”. An empirical research was first cited in this paper to illustrate the limitation of duplicating Western paradigm of psychological research in Confucian society. Based on another empirical research accomplished by Hwang (2003), a conceptual framework was proposed to classify life goals in Confucian society into three categories, namely, vertical distinctiveness, horizontal distinctiveness, and personal goal, and to discuss the differences among these three categories of life goals in terms of parental request, teacher's expectation, peer competition, social values, personal values, freedom of choice, reasons for choice, self-attribution following success or failure, and self-presentation. Finally, a series of empirical research accomplished with a reference to this framework were reviewed, and the specific moral meaning of effort for practicing one's role obligation was discussed. It is expected that the research paradigm presented in this article may provide an example for developing indigenous Chinese psychology in the future.