摘要
只有在十六世纪文坛生态与当时人际关系的脉络下，屠隆与王世贞的宗教修养论述才能得到更透彻的理解。在当时相对地独立於官方权力的文学场域中，主盟文坛的领袖再没有台阁文学之臣的名分加冕。在屠隆这般野心较强的文人看来，盟主的权力似乎可以被挑战，这份野心遂造成两人之间的潜在张力。可是，由於世贞累积的文化资本已让盟主之位十分稳固，屠隆无法在文坛中脱离世贞的权力。後来，世贞透过成为仙师昙阳子的代言人，将盟主的权力伸展到宗教修养的场域中，屠隆便尝试在这方面突破世贞的宰制。随着两人的关系因宋世恩案而恶化，他们在修养议题上的攻防更为剧烈。本文将会展示他们的来往言论并不是以互相攻过或精进修养为目标，而是要压过对手，标榜自身的优越，换言之，是一场互相角力的修辞竞争。
This article attempts to reconstruct the relationship between Tu Long 屠隆 (1543-1605) and Wang Shizhen 王世贞 (1526-1590) and their contributions to the discourse of religious self-cultivation. 16th century literary circles became relatively independent from political authority after the ascension of literary leaders without the endorsement of an official position in the Hanlin 翰林 Academy. As the established leader, Wang's accumulated cultural capital in the literary world made it too difficult to challenge him in that field, so the ambitious young upstart Tu decided to try to break Wang's hold in the field of religious self-cultivation, into which Wang had previously extended his dominance by becoming the representative of the immortal master Tanyangzi 昙阳子. After the Song Shi'en 宋世恩 incident led to a deterioration in their relationship, their debates became even more heated. I will demonstrate that their frequent exchanges were not for the sake of attacking each other or advancing their virtues in self-cultivation, but rather to surpass their opponent and boast their superiority in the rhetorical arena.
