摘要
「宁静法」(PEACE)是马瑞诺夫(Lou Marinoff)所提出，是一种哲学谘商方法。「宁静法」作为一种方法，是否等同於自然科学或实证科学所意指的方法？如果不一样，那麽「宁静法」是怎样的一种方法？传统精神医学或自然科学方法的建立和判准是否完全适用於哲学谘商方法或「宁静法」？马瑞诺夫认为哲学谘商的实务必须根据每一个人特有的方式进行。阿肯巴哈(Achenbach)也主张，无法有共通的方法来教导哲学谘商师应该如何进行具体的步．骤。依此，「宁静法J该如何进行？本文将反省与探讨这些问题。笔者金图从「哲学」的立场来反省与探讨「宁静法」，所采用的是以亚里斯多德传统为主的哲学系统和立场，文中藉由对「宁静法」的分析，试图对「哲学谘商方法」有更深层的理解和反省。笔者认为哲学谘商的方法论需要从哲学理论中去寻找答案，哲学谘商方法需要有一套关於什麽是「方法」、「实践」、「客观性」的解释。当我们要根据每个人特有的方式来进行哲学谘商时，我们所能凭藉的，如果不是类似自然科学那样明确有据的步骤，当然就必须仰赖哲学谘商师的「智慧」。
PEACE, proposed by Lou Marinoff, is a method of philosophical counseling. Is PEACE a methodology as the one of natural science or positive science? If not, then what kind of methodology is it? Are the constructions and criteria of traditional psychiatry or natural science completely applicable to the methodology of philosophical counseling or PEACE? Marinoff argues that the practice of philosophical counseling must be proceeded with in a manner particular to every individual. Achenbach also claims that there are not any common methods for philosophical counselors to learn to proceed along specific steps. Then how should we proceed with PEACE? In this paper, we will examine and discuss the issues above. The writer thinks the answers to the methodology of philosophical counseling should be found in philosophical theories and it's necessary for such a methodology to explain about ”methods,” ”practice,” and ”objectivity.” Carrying out philosophical counseling in the manner particular to every individual, we have to either rely on specific steps like the ones of natural science or count on the philosophical counselor's wisdom.
