大陆新闻改革过程中象徵资源之替换型态

Alternative Symbolic Resources in China's Journalism Reforms

九十年代中国大陆的新闻改革的中心课题是商业化和市场化。本文运用一些常规理论（routine theory）、意识形态霸权理论、和社会构筑理论的概念分析田野调查的观察，认为这一改革的社会学意义在於它是新闻从业人员的实践活动，这些活动需要新闻从业人员运用各种符号资源解构「命令型新闻体制」的一些「天经地义」的原则和实践，构筑、阐释、和正当化在原有的「命令型体制」下不存在的「非常规型」实践活动。同时，由於这一改革是在定义「命令型体制」，并由这一体制再生的主导意识形态框架内，在中共继续保持对新闻媒介政治与意识形态的控制的条件下展开的，因此新闻改革活动不具备直接的意识形态对抗的特徵，而是一种解构、构筑、和重构「命令型新闻体制」的多向面社会变革活动。

Chinese journalism reforms in the 1990s focused on the issues of ”commercialization” and ”marketization.” Employing concepts developed in the ”routine theory,” ”ideological hegemony theory,” and the perspective of ”social construction of reality,” this paper analyzes observations from a field study and argues that the sociological meaning of the Chinese journalism reforms lies in Chinese journalists utilizing various kinds of symbolic resources to deconstruct the journalistic principles and practices that have been treated as ”natural”; under China's ”commandist media system” and to construct, interpret, and justify certain non-routine practices. Because the reforms took place within the parameters of the dominant communist ideology, they do not have the known features of ”ideological opposition” rather, they represent the multi-dimensional social change activities.