独大的科学理性与隐没（默）的社会理性之“对话”－在地公众、科学专家与国家的风险文化探讨

"Dialogue" between Monopolistic Scientific Rationality and Tacit (Submerged) Social Rationality: A Discussion of Risk Culture between Local Public, Scientists, and the State

本文从风险感知与风险沟通观点出发，分析在全球科技竞争的发展下，在地社会之公众、科学专家与国家间对科技风险（case塞因改造产品(GMO)）之认知与互动关系。文中指出，在地持续隐匿风险的社会系统「重科研、轻风险」，导致主流科学理性结合优势的科技政策资源，轻易的要展出支配性的科学（制度）论述，而压抑了生态理性的异议与高度不满的社会理性，形成了独大的科学理性与隐没、隐默的生态与社会理性。 这样的关系，持续的扩大介於公众、国家和科学专家间的风险认知鸿沟典落差，合众对国家与科学专家产生高度的不信任、科学专家不满国家缺乏风险沟通机制而有误导科技政策或丧失科研正当性之虞、国家制度能耐萎缩於未积极建构风险沟通与社会评估机制。亦即，本文重点在於，此种隐匿风险的在地社会系统如何毁坏信任，并累积不可预测的科技社会後果。 为实质检讨发展高科技国家与社会的路径，本文建议，应审视在地、後进国家的特殊问题脉络，以制度性的建构风险沟通与评估等机制，积极性地介入并重新形塑科学、合众与国家的关系。

In light of risk perception and risk communication, this article analyzes the perceptions and interaction relationship between the local public, scientific experts, and the state toward technological risks, e.g. genetically modified organisms (GMO), under the development of global technological competitiveness. This article also points out that ”valuing scientific research and neglecting its risk” in a local social system which is continually surrounded with hidden risks would result in combination of mainstream scientific rationality and prominent technological policy resources. A dominant scientific view (system) easily develops and oppresses the opposite opinions from ecological rationality and high discontent of social rationality. As a result, monopoly of scientific rationality and submergence of ecological and social rationality are formed. This relationship lies in the gap of risk perceptions between the public, the state, and scientific experts: the public highly distrust scientists and specialists; scientists and specialists are dissatisfied with the state for lacking of a risk communication mechanism with the doubt of technological policy being misled or legitimacy of scientific research being deprived; the institutional capacity withers for not actively constructing a risk communication mechanism and social risk assessment. Namely, this article explores how a local social system surrounded with hidden risks devastates trust and accumulates unpredictable technological social consequences. In order to review and examine the development of high-tech countries and society, this article suggests that a sequence of particular problems in local and less advanced countries should be carefully examined based on an institutional constructed mechanism of risk communication and assessment. Also, active interventions are critical for reshaping the relationship between science, the public, and the nation.