从城市“中心”到“边缘”的“上海人”：上海市中心区拆迁户栖居历程之研究

From <||>Center<||> to <||>Periphery<||>: A Study of Relocation Process of Displaced Residents in Shanghai

本研究主要在分析上海拆迁户的地方感－上海的「中心」与「边缘」概念，如何在被拆迁居民拆迁的历程中转换，并且他们又是如何透过地方感的转换过程来强化「上海人」的身份论述。研究的目的在呈现後社会主义中国大都市的快速发展下，这些受影响的拆迁户在拆迁历程中的处境，以揭示在学术讨论讨中易被忽略的另一中国都市生活面貌。笔者於2004与2005年在上海中心城区对10位（2001年以後被动迁）动迁居民进行深度访谈（包括回访），并以诠释现象学的知识论基础进行话语分析(conversation analysis)。 研究发现，市场经济注入中国後，大城市的「仕绅化」现象逐渐浮现，并使得大城市的居民在各种形式的都市更新下从原本居住的市中心区向外环搬迁。拆迁户透过「矛盾」与「无奈」的系列论述来描绘拆迁过程中的经验与感受。而「现在的边缘，未来的城市中心这个论述是拆迁历程地方感的总合，意味着拆迁户透过在上海多次搬迁的经验，以及对上海未来发展的憧憬来诠释他们搬迁後的地方甚或是整个上海的变迁。此外，这个论述也强化了他们尽管是在「不舍」与「接受」的拔河中搬离城市中心位居边缘，但由於「中心」可以不断在「边缘」复制，并成为未来的中心，因此他们还会是位居「中心」的上海人。

This research mainly aims to analyze how the sense of ＜||＞center＜||＞ and ＜||＞periphery＜||＞ of Shanghai changes among displaced residents in Shanghai during the process of urban demolition, and how their identity of ＜||＞Shanghai people＜||＞ are strengthened in the process. The objective of this study is to present the condition of these displaced residents who are affected by the rapid development in post-socialist China, and to add another easily-ignored dimension in the study of urban life in China. Fieldwork, which included initial and follow-up interviews of displaced residents in the central district of Shanghai, was conducted in the summers of 2004 and 2005 by the first author. Ten residents who were displaced after 2001 responded to her ethnographic interviews. Conversation analysis which was based on the foundation of hermeneutic phenomenology, was implemented to grasp the dynamics of everyday life experiences of these displaced residents. Findings of this research show that gentrification has forced residents to move from the central district to the suburb after market economy was introduced to urban China. Displaced residents present their experiences and feelings in the process of demolition as discourses of ＜||＞to move or not to move＜||＞ and ＜||＞having no choice＜||＞. However, ＜||＞the periphery now becomes the center of the city in the future＜||＞ is a general discourse showing the sense of place of displaced residents. This sense of place is constructed by the displaced residents with moving experiences and the dreams of Shanghai that reflects their perception of new places and the views of a changing Shanghai in the process of demolition. Moreover, the discourse makes them believe that they are still the real ＜||＞Shanghai people＜||＞ although they have moved to the periphery of the city, because the ＜||＞center＜||＞ can be replicated constantly in the city periphery. Eventually, they are still the ＜||＞Shanghai people＜||＞ who are living in the ＜||＞center＜||＞.