疆域化、缝隙介面与跨国空间：台北市安康市场“越南街”族裔化地方研究

Territorialization, Interstitial Interface and Transnational Space: The Taipei "Vietnam Street" as an Ethnic Place

本文探讨台北市郊区一个传统市场中，越南「族裔化地方」的形成和离散。族裔化地方在「疆域化」的空间动态中形成，涉及不同尺度的跨界和划界行动：越南移工和婚姻移民的跨国流动，以及早期越南华侨的跨界流移和在地着根；地区尺度上，传统零售市场的萧条、区位条件和地租差、平价住宅区污名形象共同构成的「缝隙」，面对中产阶级房地产开发导致人口结构和生活形态改变，引致了排斥和重新划界的压力：一场以「去污名」和消除恐惧地景为诉求的阶级疆域化，终究消灭了这个「缝隙」。然而，市场内部，这个越南华裔店家的谋生场所，藉由华人的中介角色，以及具实用价值与象徵意义之族裔化货品和服务的提供，构成了「越南街」做为族裔交流「介面」的特质。就华裔店家成员的流移认同、越南裔移民工及东南亚货品的跨界流动来看，可说是在城市边缘形成了一个「跨国空间」。也正因为这种跨国空间所仰仗的消费需求和人际网络持续存在，即使安康市场面临拆除，邻近地区却蔓延出更繁盛的越南族裔消费地景。

This paper discusses the formation and dispersion of Vietnamese ethnic place in a traditional market at suburban Taipei. The ethnic place was formed through the spatial dynamics of ”territorialization” which includes cross-bordering and border-making of different scales. Firstly there were the transnational flows of Vietnamese contract workers, marriage immigrants, and oversea Chinese that transplanted on the Taiwan residents society. At the regional level, the interstice resulted from the decline of traditional retailing market, unfavorable location, rent gap, and the stigma of low-income housing was confronted by the change of population composition and life style induced by middle-class housing development, leading towards exclusion and remaking of borders that ended the interstice, and it is a middle class ”territorialization” driven by the appeal of safety and ”destigmatization”. However, in the inner space of An-Kang market, there was an ethnic consumptive space acted as ”interface” between Chinese-Vietnamese businesses and their customers connected through commodities and services full of ethnic meaning and symbols. In view of the transnational family network and hybrid identity of Oversea Chinese Vietnamese, and the trans-border flows of Vietnamese immigrants and commodities, we can specify the market as an ”transnational space”. And, since the consumer demands and social network that support the transnational space persist, there emerges an even more prosperous ethnic-consumptive landscape after the shutdown of An-Kang market.