暧昧的归属，策略性的协商－在台东南亚新移民女性的国族认同

Ambiguous Belonging, Strategic Negotiation-National Identification of Southeast-Asian Immigrant Wives in Taiwan

认同一直是台湾学术研究新移民女性现象时被忽略的一环，本文在国族认同的议题下，探讨东南亚新移民女性跨海结婚来台以後的形构样貌。相关文献已指出环境里的权力运作与个体认同之间的息息相关，特别是女性常在国族建构里被赋予边界标志，女性移民更易承接来自接待社会对原生国家强加的标志烙印。台湾社会对於新移民女性「排她」地刻画国族界线，生活於此脉络中，这群女性将形构出怎样的国族认同？透过深入访谈18位新移民女性，本文发现她们来台以後都多少经验着「排她」，不过「与原生家庭的情感连结」、「既嫁从夫」、「成为母亲」以及「移动前後情境交错」有着重要的影响力，她们的国族认同因此是在台湾与母国的跨国座标里定义参照，多数形构出「我是台湾人，我也是越南／印尼／柬埔寨人」的认同，甚至有「我要做台湾人，我不要当柬埔寨人」的归类。但是「排她」经验难以抹灭，「我是印尼人，不是台湾人」的类型因而产生，「认同台湾」与「认同母国」也在「排她」的脉络下被视为是种政治性的协商策略。本文研究成果不仅助於了解东南亚新移民女性在「认同／不认同」「台湾／母国」里既暧昧又协商的国族认同面貌，亦指出归化国籍与产生国族认同之间非等号的关系，更期能对台湾的同化论述与国族优越宣称提出反省意义。

This article explores national identification of Southeast-Asian women who migrated into Taiwan by marriage. It has been demonstrated that the identification of the individual is closely linked to structural power. Feminist scholarship also reveals ways in which idealized images and real bodies of women serve as national boundaries; accordingly immigrant women are more easily stigmatized in the host country. Taiwan residents society portrays Southeast- Asian immigrant wives as ”problem-makers”; thus, this article mainly asks how these women can define themselves and construct a sense of belonging after marrying into Taiwan. Based on in-depth interviews, I first address that these immigrant wives' national identification is multiply, ambiguously, resistantly and politically (re)defined not only within transnational fields (that is, ties with homeland, mothering experiences in Taiwan, and living conditions before and after migration), but also by discriminatory gaze in Taiwan that regards them as ”outsiders”. It is also found that having Taiwan residents citizenship unlikely draws forth immigrant wives' Taiwan residents identity. These research results remind ”superior Taiwan” of self-examination.