亦神亦祖－广东雷州所见正统化下的礼仪重叠

Ancestor and Deity: The Superscription of Rituals in the Process of Legitimization in Leizhou, Guangdong

本文以雷州地区雷祖信仰所呈现出亦神亦祖的形态为中心，考察地方信仰在长时段中的变化。本文认为，雷州地区宗族礼仪的建构，直至明末清初才出现。由於这个区域本身有着根深蒂固的土俗传统，体现在信仰领域，就是神明的力量特别强大。当宗族礼仪进入以後，当地土着意识到以神明作为祖先不合乎正统礼仪的规范。於是神明在人格化的过程中产生裂变，如雷祖与雷首。同时，儒家化後的一套礼仪并没有完全消除过去的痕迹，所以我们看到了具有多重身份的神明，以及集祠堂与庙宇於一身的建筑。

This article examines the cult of Leizu (thunder god) over the longue durée to highlight why Leizu appears to be both an ancestor and a deity in Leizhou. It argues that the construction of lineage rituals only appeared in Leizhou in the late Ming and early Qing period, a time when the ethnic customs of the area were still deeply rooted in local religion. When lineage rituals entered Leizhou, local aboriginals understood that treating the deity as their ancestor did not conform to the norms of orthodox rituals. Therefore, the deity split into different forms, such as Leizu and Leishou. At the same time, however, Confucianized rituals did not eradicate the legacy of the past. Therefore, we see a deity with multiple identities, while the architecture of buildings of worship combines features of ancestral halls and shrines.