校园霸凌防制中被忽略的一环：霸凌旁观者之探讨

The Missing Link in School Bullying Prevention: Bullying Bystanders

校园霸凌对学生身心的影响既长且深远，因而受到世界各国的重视。霸凌是一个团体动力的历程，事件发生时大都有旁观者在场，旁观者是否采取行动以及采取何种行动，影响霸凌行为的持续或终止，因此，旁观者在霸凌事件中扮演着关键性角色。本文旨在回顾霸凌旁观者的重要文献，首先厘清霸凌的意义，再依序介绍霸凌旁观者行为的类型、相关理论、效果及影响因素，以及反霸凌方案实例等，期能唤起社会各方对於霸凌旁观者角色的重视，进而有助於校园「零霸凌」目标的达成。

School bullying has become one of the most important educational issues worldwide because it could cause students' mental and psychosocial problems and have long-term impacts on their future lives. Bullying is a dynamic process in which bystanders play critically important role in determining or continuing a bullying event. The purpose of this paper was to review the literature on bullying bystanders, including the definitions of bullying, types of bullying bystander behavior, theoretical bases of bullying bystander, causes and effects of bullying bystander behavior, and two of the anti-bullying programs.