知识、科学与不确定性－专家与科技系统的“无知”如何建构风险

Knowledge, Science and Uncertainty How Can the Unawareness of Experts and the Technological System Constructs Risk?

现代抽象系统（科技系统、专家系统及知识系统）所建构的工业文明社会遭逢相当大的挑战，其内在所衍生诸多的文明风险，如全球生态灾难、伦理争议、健康风险与社会不平等问题，反匮的冲击与腐蚀其自我正当性的基础，更撼动了人们对现代的信任关系。 本文将从知识、科技与专家所构成的现代抽象系统出发，批判性的讨论其赖以为基础的知识或科学所构成的支配性问题，并延伸指出科学不确定性所衍生的科技风险问题。同时，将从不同的无知行动者(unaware agents)产生风险盲目的影响，分析其一方面冲击到科学与科技系统运作的正当性，另一方面导致社会公众对科学的争议与不信任。最後，提出应发展新的知识与行动典范，建构科技与社会沟通的平台与机制，以为日益扩大之知识鸿沟与社会伦理争议提供共同思考的民主基础。

The civil-industrialized society constructed by modern abstract systems (technological, expert and knowledge systems) is encountering great challenge. The civil risks, such as global ecological disasters, disputes on ethics, health risks and issues of social inequality, derived from the society, reversely lash and corrupt the self-legitimacy of the society and shake the relations of reliance of modern people. This article proceeds from the abstract systems formed by knowledge, technology and experts, then, it critically discusses the knowledge and technological controlled problems which they are based on and continuously points out the technological risk problems derived from scientific uncertainty. Meanwhile, from the aspect of the influences of the risk blindness of various unaware actors, this article analyses the lashes of the legitimacy of scientific and technological system operations and the distrust and disputes on science of the public. Eventually, it initially proposes the development of new knowledge and operative guidelines, and the establishment of the platform and mechanism of the communication between technology and the society to provide the democratic foundation of corporate-thinking for the environment of increasingly widen knowledge gap and the disputes on social ethics.