复原力保护因子效果概化之统合分析

A Meta-Analysis of Effect Generalizations of Protective Factors of Resilience

本研究收集1970至2004年来相关复原力保护因子的研究，运用统合分析技术，计算复原力保护因子的效果量，以概括诠释过去实徵性之复原力保护因子量化研究的发展。统合分析结果指出，复原力的型态不仅建立在多样化的逆境内涵，包括生物性的、心理性的、社会性的危机，同时复原力型态更重要的架构在於，尽管这些重大逆境可能对个体发展造成相当程度的负面冲击，个体仍然能够维持良好的能力，包括认知、心理以及社会方面的健全适应。其中，有助於逆境中的个体维持正向适应的保护因子经过统合分析，研究发现共有14项具有精确效果量的保护因子与7项效果量不够稳定的保护因子，涵盖在个人特质、家庭联结、与外在支持等不同层面。在外在系统层面上，家庭与外在联结这项保护因子呈现中上且精确的效果量，是最为显着的保护因子。在个人特质上，自尊这项保护因子效果量的不稳定性，呈现具有需要更进一步去探讨的意义。而外在系统的同侪社会性与个人特质的挫折忍受力这两项保护因子，则呈现效果量最大但却不够稳定的结果。根据这些结论，本研究针对预防与介入研究，以及针对未来的复原力研究，提供具体建议，另外也提出本研究结果有所限制之处。

In this study, the researcher used meta-analytic methods to calculate the effect sizes for protective factors and generalize the effect of protective factors by summarizing previous empirical resilience studies. In total, 24 meta-analyses were carried out from 21 prior studies, including 13 variables classified as protective factors of individual characteristics, 5 as protective factors of family connection, and 6 as protective factors of external support. In 14 of the meta-analyses, the precise estimates of the effect size of protective factors were found. In the other, the true effect size of protective factors were not found because of the existence of a moderator effect, and hence further empirical research is needed to confirm the nature of the effect size of protective factors. Based upon the meta-analytic findings, implications for prevention and intervention research, and future resilience studies are discussed.