叙述七○年代：离鄕、祭国、资本化

Narrating the 1970s: Diaspora, Remembrance and Capitalization

在九○年代的叙述里，七○年代似乎被记忆成一个理想主义的年代，在资本洪流四处滚的今天，承载着不少的怀旧情绪。无论是像《玻璃之城》这样的商业电影，或是像「珍藏美丽岛」之类的口述历史，还是像《思想》杂志这样的文化论述，七○年代似乎是一个充满着美丽、哀愁、纯真与热情的年代。在这些纷杂的叙述里，七○年代对两岸三地的华人来说，究竟代表了什麽样的集体记忆与历史意识，它又反映了怎麽样的历史结构？重访七○年代能够为纷乱矛盾的今天带来什麽样的啓示？ 刘大任与张系国的小说，杨泽为《中国时报》人间副刊主编的「七○年代」专辑，《思想》杂志的「台湾七十年代」专题，与《九十年代》这本海外华人思想杂志的休刊，分别代表了叙述七○年代的不同尝试，与建构七○年代历史意识的不同方法。将在不同时期与地域出版的文本与叙事拉扯在一起，本文以年代与世代为两条交错却不相同的轴线来重述七○年代在不同地域及文本的意义。藉着游走於香港、台湾及海外等地的七○年代叙述，本文提出「华人七○年代」和「跨太平洋反抗世代」等概念，并讨论隐身於其後复杂的历史脉络与情感纠葛，以指出国族视角的局限，以及跨国华人视野对於七○年代叙述的重要性。透过分析这些不同的叙述，本文企图寻找一条「进入」七○年代的路径。进入，不是为了重回历史现场－毕竟过去无法完整重现－而是希望在记忆的封存与开启之际，掌握历史真实而复杂的面貌，并在不断叙述的同时，重新思考七○年代作为一个批判方案的可能性与意义。

In the narratives about the 1970s, the 1970s is remembered as an age of idealism, which carries a sense of nostalgia against the bleak background of late capitalism. Whether it is remembered in such commercial films as Boli zhi cheng (City of Glass), in the sort of oral history as ”Zhengchang meilidao” (Treasuring Formosa), or in the cultural critique of Sixiang (Thought), the 1970s is portrayed as an age painted with beauty, remorse, innocence and passion. In the myriad of narratives, what collective memory and historical consciousness does the 1970s signify for the ”Chinese” people living in Hong Kong, Taiwan and the U.S.? How do these diverse narratives about the 1970s reflect the historical structure of the time? By revisiting the 1970s, what lessons are to be gained for today? The novels of Liu Daren and Zhang Xiguo, China Times' special issue on the 1970s, Thought Magazine’s special issue on the ”Taiwan residents 1970s,” as well as the last issue of The 1990s (Jiushiniandai) represent different attempts at narrating the 1970s and thus diverse ways of constructing historical consciousness. Linking together these narratives about the 1970s in North America, Taiwan and Hong Kong, I take generation and period to be two dissimilar but intersecting concepts for understanding the significance of the 1970s. By raising such ideas as the ”Chinese 1970s” and the ”transpacific generation of resistance,” this article discusses the complex historical and emotional entanglements and points out the limitation of national historiography as texts of selective memories. Through a critical analysis of these interconnected narratives about the 1970s, it seeks to carve an ”access” into the 1970s, not to restore the so-called historical truth, but to explore and capture the complexities of the 1970s as a critical historical moment. Its fruitful possibilities suggest the importance of seizing the 1970s as a critical project for the present.