从「酒红」意象的典范转移論苏轼诗之「意新语创」

From the Example of the Symbol of Wind Red: Discussing "Innovative Concept and Expression" Advanced in Su Shi's Poetry

「酒」乃中国诗歌传统中重要意象与命题，而「酒」与「红」二字連用，实有独特文学意涵。二字連用始於隋末唐初尹式之诗，尔後唐代诸公亦多用｢酒红｣一词入诗，其意象表现於三方面：一、暮年壮志未酬之悲；二、美人醉酒娇容之态；三、欢宴酬唱之醉况。宋初诸公，亦无出其左右，至苏轼〈纵笔三首‧其一〉，方使意象扩大，出现「老叟童颜，面色红润」的新意象。本文以｢创意思维｣角度切入，探讨苏轼何以自创新意，自铸伟词，据笔者考察，主要手法大致可分为一、逆向思维，以结构对立与意象群对立的方式，拓展意象；二、组合思维，以同類重组与異類重组的方式，继承诗歌传统中的酒红意象，并翻新出奇，跳脱前人窠臼。此诗見收宋代诸多诗话中，公认为夺胎换骨法经典范例，此說濫觞於释惠洪《冷斋夜话》，而後宋代诗话皆引用或继承其說，唯洪迈《容斋随笔》提出苏轼化典白居易之工：「采旧公案，机杼一新，前无古人。」因此本文欲从｢酒红｣意象的典范转移，以创意思维与造语的角度，探讨苏轼如何能够「机杼一新，前无古人」，从而在宋代诗学「意新语工」的特色建立下，成就苏轼个人「意新语创」的境界。

'Wine' was one of the most important symbols and subjects existed witin the tradition of Chinese poetry; and the correlation of 'wine' and 'red' truly had their own literary symbols. The correlation of those two words were started to emerge among the poems during the end of the Sui Dynasty. After that, a lot of poets in the Tang Dynasty also followed the expression of 'wine red' into their poems. There were three symbols beneath this expression. Firstly, conveying the sorrow of unfulfillment at the end of life year. Next, protraiting the beauties when they were drunk. Finally, displaying the feasts and parties. However, in the Song Dynasty, there were no other breakthrough toward the use of 'wind red' until the appearance of Su Shi. He broadened the interpretation of 'wine red', which had indicated as the elderly, whom had a young face. In terms of ”Innovative Thinking”, the author discussed how Su Shi innovated the new concepts and expressions, which were based on the previous prototype. According to the references the author had found, the main poetic features could be divided into half. Firstly, Su Shi were used to contradict the forms and meanings of the poems to develop the new symbol. Secondly, he was not only to follow the traditional symbol of 'wine red', but also think outside the framework. As the typical example of the method of ”Changing the Bones and Altering the Fetus”, this method initially appeared in Leng zhai Poetry Talks (Monk Hui Hong,); and the following poetic productions in the Song Dynasty were all cited or succeeded this mehtod. Hong Mai (Rong Zhai Essay), however, came up with his opinion on Su Shi's poetic features. He stated that Su Shi could be based on the traditional poetic symbols and innovated into the novel interpretations of 'wine red', which had never been achieved by the rest of poets. Therefore, in the light of prototype shift of 'wind red' symbols, the auther would explicate how Su Shi could base on the mainstream poetic state, which advocated as ”Meticulous Concept and Expression” in the Song D ynasty, to establish his own poetic state of ”Innovative Concept and Expression”.