学问家的革命与传统的发明－以章太炎《齐物论释》为例

The Revolution of a Scholar and the Invention of Tradition-Zhang Taiyan's "Interpreting the Qiwulun"

知识分子调动传统中的非主流因素以营救当代的文化危机的同时，往往为传统再次注入新生的血气。作为学问家的章太炎曾在中华帝制瓦解的时代边缘，重新指认、复苏历史上说经与说诸子的经典诠释精神。若说胡适的新学为传统开辟活路，启蒙了朴学，章太炎则修古更新，促使传统学术之道再编成，显题化长久以来训诂与义理在绝对性与优先性之争上的隐性对峙，为各自找到合理的存在价值与功能。本文以《齐物论释》为例，尝试疏理作为革命家的章太炎，如何经由对於〈齐物论〉的取舍与诠释，与历史相互贞定。指出章氏对於悠久的经典诠释，曾经进行认识论意义上的判教（说经与说诸子间的连续与断裂），同时提取传统思考资源（从语言批判到政治批判），以应时适变，充分表现传统面对、指导当务之急的历史可能。学问家的革命不仅发明了传统，更启蒙了启蒙。

When non-mainstream factors of an existing tradition are used to solve a contemporary cultural crisis, this tradition often becomes reinvigorated and attains renewed vitality. During the period when imperial China was on the verge of collapse, Zhang Taiyan sought to revive the Chinese hermeneutic spirit through his reinterpretation of the classics and pre-Qin philosophy. If we accept the claim that the New Learning promoted by Hu Shih 胡适 provided tradition with a new lease on life and gave inspiration to ”Evidential Learning”, then we can also assert that Zhang Taiyan's reinterpretation of the classics contributed to an overhaul of traditional scholarship and revealed the long-standing confrontation between etymological and philosophical approaches in a way that discovered the function and value of each. This scholastic revolution did not merely ”invent” a new tradition; it also inspired the Chinese ”Enlightenment” movement as well. Taking this as a point of departure, this article examines the theoretical resources and intellectual approaches of the ”Qiwulun《齐物论》”, and investigates the pivotal role played by this text in Zhang's revolutionary thought and the history of modern China. Zhang's interpretation of the ”Qiwulun” did more than just offer a fresh perspective on an old tradition; it proffered innovative ideas for responding to a world in flux.